Reducing Social Disparities of Heatwave Impacts in a Changing Climate

减少气候变化中热浪影响的社会差距

• 批准号: 7932090
• 负责人: Marie Sylvia O'Neill
• 金额: $ 42.58万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-30 至 2011-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7932090
• 关键词: Reducing; Social; Disparities; Heatwave; Impacts

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Description. Abstract: Climate change is projected to increase the frequency and intensity of heatwaves, and heat is already one of the principal weather-related causes of mortality in the U.S. Heat affects certain populations disproportionately, including African Americans, Latinos, city-dwellers, diabetics, the elderly and the poor. The contribution of heatwaves to social disparities in health is an important target for translational research since several preventive interventions exist. Heatwave health warning systems (HHWS), heat island mitigation through tree planting and other measures, and other programs administered by local governments are evidence-based interventions that improve quality of life, foster environmental sustainability, and protect public health during heatwaves. With increasing evidence for accelerated climate change, wider implementation of these programs is needed. This project aims to provide insights into how HHWS and other evidence- based interventions can be translated to other settings to better protect public health and reduce social disparities, thus fostering their more widespread and effective adoption. A multi-disciplinary team, with expertise in epidemiology, sociology, health education, statistics, meteorology, applied public health, and local action and governance, will conduct a mixed-method study in four U.S. cities (Detroit, MI; New York, NY; Philadelphia, PA; and Phoenix, AZ). These cities are at varying stages in implementing HHWS and climate change adaptation programs and include diverse populations with documented racial/ethnic and socio-economic disparities in heat exposure and heat-related health effects. Using qualitative methodology, semi-structured interviews will be undertaken with main stakeholders in the four cities: potential target populations (city residents, predominantly older and of diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds) and implementers of these interventions (government officials representing public health, weather, social and environmental services, among others). The interviews will assess the factors that inhibit or facilitate the translation of the evidence-based interventions. Using quantitative methods, the team will use state-of-the-art epidemiology and meteorology methods to evaluate the triggers of HHWS interventions, investigating ways to make translation of current interventions more effective and easier to understand for the user groups, and communicating specific impacts on population subgroups. This effort will address the availability, reliability and ease of interpretation of HHWS systems by public health officials and the media. We will analyze historical data (1989-2000) in the four cities, comparing daily weather parameters (temperature and heat indices and air mass types) and the degree to which they differ in their associations with excess daily mortality by population group, accounting for air pollution. Through the community action plan, recommendations from the evaluation of results will be shared with relevant authorities from a range of U.S. communities and the public so these research findings will be translated into practice to help achieve the goal of eliminating social disparities in health. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Relevance: Heat exposure can cause illness and death, and heatwaves are increasing in frequency because of global climate change. This research will explore how to better translate evidence-based interventions intended to reduce social disparities in the health impacts of heatwaves (e.g. heatwave health warning systems, tree planting and modifications to the built environment) to other settings. The goal is to encourage the widespread adoption of effective local programs to prevent illness and save lives during heatwaves.

描述（由申请人提供）： 项目描述。摘要：气候变化预计将增加热浪的频率和强度，高温已经是美国与天气有关的主要死亡原因之一，高温对某些人群的影响不成比例，包括非洲裔美国人，拉丁美洲人，城市居民，糖尿病患者，老年人和穷人。热浪对健康方面社会差距的贡献是转化研究的一个重要目标，因为存在几种预防性干预措施。热浪健康预警系统（HHWS），通过植树和其他措施缓解热岛效应，以及地方政府管理的其他计划都是基于证据的干预措施，可以改善生活质量，促进环境可持续性，并在热浪期间保护公众健康。随着气候变化加速的证据越来越多，需要更广泛地实施这些计划。该项目旨在深入了解如何将HHWS和其他循证干预措施转化为其他环境，以更好地保护公共卫生和减少社会差距，从而促进其更广泛和有效的采用。一个在流行病学、社会学、健康教育、统计学、气象学、应用公共卫生以及地方行动和治理方面具有专长的多学科小组将在美国四个城市（密歇根州底特律、纽约州纽约、宾夕法尼亚州费城和亚利桑那州凤凰城）进行混合方法研究。这些城市在实施HHWS和气候变化适应计划方面处于不同阶段，包括不同的人口，在热暴露和热相关健康影响方面存在记录在案的种族/民族和社会经济差异。将采用定性方法，与四个城市的主要利益攸关方进行半结构化访谈：潜在目标人群（城市居民，主要是老年人和不同种族/民族背景）和这些干预措施的执行者（代表公共卫生、气象、社会和环境服务等的政府官员）。访谈将评估抑制或促进循证干预措施转化的因素。使用定量方法，该团队将使用最先进的流行病学和气象学方法来评估HHWS干预措施的触发因素，调查如何使当前干预措施的翻译更有效，更容易为用户群体所理解，并传达对人口亚组的具体影响。这项工作将解决公共卫生官员和媒体对HHWS系统的可用性、可靠性和解释的容易性问题。我们将分析这四个城市的历史数据（1989-2000年），比较每日天气参数（温度和热量指数以及空气质量类型）以及它们与人口群体的每日超额死亡率之间的差异程度，解释空气污染。通过社区行动计划，评估结果的建议将与美国一系列社区和公众的有关当局分享，以便将这些研究结果转化为实践，以帮助实现消除健康方面社会差距的目标。 公共卫生相关性： 相关性：热暴露可导致疾病和死亡，由于全球气候变化，热浪的频率正在增加。这项研究将探讨如何更好地将旨在减少热浪对健康影响的社会差距的循证干预措施（例如热浪健康预警系统，植树和改造建筑环境）转化为其他环境。其目标是鼓励广泛采用有效的地方计划，以预防疾病和在热浪中拯救生命。