Climate change and health: residential energy-efficiency for comfort and equity

气候变化与健康：住宅节能以实现舒适和公平

• 批准号: 8470647
• 负责人: Marie Sylvia O'Neill
• 金额: $ 19.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-17 至 2015-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8470647
• 关键词: Aging; Architecture; Area; Case Study; Censuses; Characteristics; Cities; Climate; Communities; Data; District of Columbia; Elderly; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Event; Funding; Future; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Heating; Home environment; Housing; Intervention; Knowledge; Low income; Maps; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Michigan; Minority; Modeling; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Neighborhoods; Ohio; Outcome; Outcome Study; Plants; Policies; Population; Population Characteristics; Public Health; Readiness; Research; Research Infrastructure; Severities; Structure; Temperature; Time; Trees; Update; Vulnerable Populations; Washington; Weather; Work; base; climate change; cost; experience; extreme temperature; health disparity; high risk; improved; novel; population health; programs; social disparities; socioeconomics; statistics; tool

As the number and severity of extreme weather events increase with the advancement of global climate change, understanding the public health implications and prioritizing adaptation strategies for retrofitting urban infrastructure assumes greater urgency. Architects and urban planners in cold and temperate climates have long recognized the value of weatherizing residential structures to improve winter-time interior comfort and reduce utility costs. However, less understood is the contribution of weatherization efforts to additionally reduce the negative health effects of hot weather extremes and how these efforts might be targeted to lessen health disparities in urban environments. Our broad objective is to reduce temperature-related health disparities in U.S. communities. Using a trans-disciplinary approach, we propose to create new knowledge that will help guide health-enhancing residential energy conservation measures. This model will use data from three case-study communities- Detroit, Michigan, Cleveland, Ohio, and Washington, DC where important social disparities in temperature-related health outcomes have been documented. Specifically, we propose 1) to update and expand existing maps of vulnerability to extreme temperatures, based on a finer-scale neighborhood level analysis using structural, environmental, socio-economic, and demographic data, and evaluate potential for home weatherization to reduce these vulnerabilities; 2) to model how future climate scenarios and changes in neighborhood conditions might impact the distribution of vulnerability and the interior comfort conditions that residents will experience in these communities; and 3) to share and discuss research results with key stakeholders (e.g. installers, public health officials, community leaders, city officials) to inform urban planning, public health preparedness, community improvement and weatherization programming decisions relevant to vulnerable populations.

随着全球气候变化的加剧，极端天气事件的数量和严重程度不断增加， 改变，了解公共卫生的影响，并优先考虑改造的适应战略 城市基础设施建设更加紧迫。建筑师和城市规划师在寒冷和温带 长期以来，气候已经认识到使住宅结构耐候以改善冬季的价值 室内舒适性和降低公用事业成本。然而，较少了解的是风化的贡献 努力进一步减少极端炎热天气对健康的负面影响，以及这些努力如何 可以减少城市环境中的健康差距。我们的总体目标是减少 美国社区与气温相关的健康差异。采用跨学科的方法，我们 建议创造新的知识，帮助指导促进健康的住宅节能 措施该模型将使用来自三个案例研究社区的数据-底特律，密歇根州，克利夫兰， 俄亥俄州和华盛顿特区，在这些地方，温度相关的健康结果存在重要的社会差异 已经被记录在案。具体来说，我们建议1）更新和扩大现有的脆弱性地图 极端温度，基于更精细的邻里水平分析，使用结构， 环境、社会经济和人口统计数据，并评估家庭气候化的潜力 减少这些脆弱性; 2）模拟未来的气候情景和邻近地区的变化 条件可能会影响脆弱性的分布和内部舒适条件， 将在这些社区的经验;和3）分享和讨论的研究成果与关键 利益相关者（如安装人员、公共卫生官员、社区领导人、城市官员）， 规划、公共卫生准备、社区改善和防风雨方案 与弱势群体有关的决定。

项目成果

Evaluating the Appropriateness of Downscaled Climate Information for Projecting Risks of Salmonella.

• DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13030267
• 发表时间: 2016-02-29
• 期刊: International journal of environmental research and public health
• 作者: Guentchev GS;Rood RB;Ammann CM;Barsugli JJ;Ebi K;Berrocal V;O'Neill MS;Gronlund CJ;Vigh JL;Koziol B;Cinquini L
• 通讯作者: Cinquini L