Climate change and health: residential energy-efficiency for comfort and equity

气候变化与健康：住宅节能以实现舒适和公平

• 批准号: 8266671
• 负责人: Marie Sylvia O'Neill
• 金额: $ 22.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-17 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8266671
• 关键词: Aging; Architecture; Area; Arizona; Case Study; Censuses; Characteristics; Cities; Climate; Communities; Data; Effectiveness; Elderly; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Event; Funding; Future; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Heating; Home environment; Housing; Intervention; Knowledge; Low income; Maps; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Michigan; Minority; Modeling; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Neighborhoods; Ohio; Outcome; Outcome Study; Plants; Policies; Population; Population Characteristics; Public Health; Readiness; Research; Research Infrastructure; Savings; Severities; Structure; Temperature; Time; Trees; Update; Vulnerable Populations; Weather; Work; base; climate change; cost; experience; extreme temperature; greenhouse gases; health disparity; high risk; improved; novel; population health; programs; prototype; residence; simulation; social disparities; socioeconomics; statistics; tool

As the number and severity of extreme weather events increase with the advancement of global climate change, understanding the public health implications and prioritizing adaptation strategies for retrofitting urban infrastructure assumes greater urgency. Architects and urban planners in cold and temperate climates have long recognized the value of weatherizing residential structures to improve winter-time interior comfort and reduce utility costs. However, less understood is the contribution of weatherization efforts to additionally reduce the negative health effects of hot weather extremes and how these efforts might be targeted to lessen health disparities in urban environments. Our broad objective is to reduce temperature-related health disparities in U.S. communities. Using a trans-disciplinary approach, we propose to create new knowledge that will help guide health-enhancing residential energy conservation measures. This model will use data from three case-study communities- Detroit, Michigan, Cleveland, Ohio, and Washington, DC where important social disparities in temperature-related health outcomes have been documented. Specifically, we propose 1) to update and expand existing maps of vulnerability to extreme temperatures, based on a finer-scale neighborhood level analysis using structural, environmental, socio-economic, and demographic data, and evaluate potential for home weatherization to reduce these vulnerabilities; 2) to model how future climate scenarios and changes in neighborhood conditions might impact the distribution of vulnerability and the interior comfort conditions that residents will experience in these communities; and 3) to share and discuss research results with key stakeholders (e.g. installers, public health officials, community leaders, city officials) to inform urban planning, public health preparedness, community improvement and weatherization programming decisions relevant to vulnerable populations.

随着全球气候的进步，极端天气事件的数量和严重程度不断增加 改变，了解公共卫生影响并优先考虑改造适应策略 城市基础设施建设显得更加紧迫。寒温带地区的建筑师和城市规划师 气候早已认识到住宅结构的耐候性对于改善冬季的价值 室内舒适度并降低公用事业成本。然而，人们对气候化的贡献却知之甚少。 进一步减少极端炎热天气对健康的负面影响的努力以及这些努力如何 可能旨在减少城市环境中的健康差异。我们的总体目标是减少 美国社区与温度相关的健康差异。我们采用跨学科的方法 建议创造新知识，有助于指导促进健康的住宅节能 措施。该模型将使用来自三个案例研究社区的数据——底特律、密歇根州、克利夫兰、 俄亥俄州和华盛顿特区与温度相关的健康结果存在重要的社会差异 已被记录。具体来说，我们建议 1）更新和扩展现有的漏洞图 极端温度，基于使用结构的更精细的邻域水平分析， 环境、社会经济和人口数据，并评估家庭防风化的潜力 减少这些漏洞； 2）模拟未来的气候情景和邻近地区的变化 条件可能会影响脆弱性的分布和居民的室内舒适度 将在这些社区中体验； 3）与关键人物分享和讨论研究成果 利益相关者（例如安装人员、公共卫生官员、社区领袖、城市官员）向城市通报 规划、公共卫生准备、社区改善和防风雨规划 与弱势群体相关的决定。