Climate change and health: residential energy-efficiency for comfort and equity

气候变化与健康：住宅节能以实现舒适和公平

• 批准号: 8266671
• 负责人: Marie Sylvia O'Neill
• 金额: $ 22.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-17 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8266671
• 关键词: Aging; Architecture; Area; Arizona; Case Study; Censuses; Characteristics; Cities; Climate; Communities; Data; Effectiveness; Elderly; Engineering; Environment; Environmental Health; Epidemiology; Evaluation; Event; Funding; Future; Goals; Health; Health Benefit; Heating; Home environment; Housing; Intervention; Knowledge; Low income; Maps; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Michigan; Minority; Modeling; National Center on Minority Health and Health Disparities; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences; Neighborhoods; Ohio; Outcome; Outcome Study; Plants; Policies; Population; Population Characteristics; Public Health; Readiness; Research; Research Infrastructure; Savings; Severities; Structure; Temperature; Time; Trees; Update; Vulnerable Populations; Weather; Work; base; climate change; cost; experience; extreme temperature; greenhouse gases; health disparity; high risk; improved; novel; population health; programs; prototype; residence; simulation; social disparities; socioeconomics; statistics; tool

As the number and severity of extreme weather events increase with the advancement of global climate change, understanding the public health implications and prioritizing adaptation strategies for retrofitting urban infrastructure assumes greater urgency. Architects and urban planners in cold and temperate climates have long recognized the value of weatherizing residential structures to improve winter-time interior comfort and reduce utility costs. However, less understood is the contribution of weatherization efforts to additionally reduce the negative health effects of hot weather extremes and how these efforts might be targeted to lessen health disparities in urban environments. Our broad objective is to reduce temperature-related health disparities in U.S. communities. Using a trans-disciplinary approach, we propose to create new knowledge that will help guide health-enhancing residential energy conservation measures. This model will use data from three case-study communities- Detroit, Michigan, Cleveland, Ohio, and Washington, DC where important social disparities in temperature-related health outcomes have been documented. Specifically, we propose 1) to update and expand existing maps of vulnerability to extreme temperatures, based on a finer-scale neighborhood level analysis using structural, environmental, socio-economic, and demographic data, and evaluate potential for home weatherization to reduce these vulnerabilities; 2) to model how future climate scenarios and changes in neighborhood conditions might impact the distribution of vulnerability and the interior comfort conditions that residents will experience in these communities; and 3) to share and discuss research results with key stakeholders (e.g. installers, public health officials, community leaders, city officials) to inform urban planning, public health preparedness, community improvement and weatherization programming decisions relevant to vulnerable populations.

随着全球气候的发展，极端天气事件的数量和严重程度不断增加