Drivers with Alcohol Use Disorders: At high risk for crashes?

描述(由申请者提供)：本申请寻求资金，以利用美国国家公路交通安全管理局(NHTSA)600万美元项目提供的独特机会，对麻醉驾驶的相对风险进行首次病例对照研究。这项研究将招募2500名撞车司机和5000名对照司机参加路边访谈，这些访谈将收集BAC的呼气测试以及口腔液体和血液样本，以确定是否涉及毒品。美国国家公路交通安全局已经与PERE签订了进行药物风险研究的合同，这为将其作为一个框架来添加一项关于有酒精使用障碍的司机卷入车祸的相对风险的研究提供了机会。拟议中的附加功能还将通过驾驶记录识别饮酒铁杆司机，以确定他们在交通事故中的发生率。附加研究还将规定收集和分析坠机记录，以确定坠机责任，这将首次允许计算造成坠机的相对风险，而不是简单地卷入坠机。最后，这项附加研究通过收集NHTSA药物风险研究中有关司机酒精使用障碍的信息，将能够确定同时存在酒精和药物使用问题的司机的相对风险。公共健康相关性：公共健康相关性声明这项研究旨在防止美国每年因酒精导致的撞车事故造成的13,000人死亡，这些事故涉及受损的司机。它将确定在交通事故中有酒精使用障碍的司机的流行率，并为关注治疗和预防计划的政策制定者提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks funding to take advantage of a unique opportunity provided by a $6 million National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) program to conduct the first-ever case-controlled study of the relative risk of drugged driving. That study will recruit 2,500 crash-involved drivers and 5,000 comparison drivers to participate in roadside interviews that will collect breath tests for BAC and oral fluid and blood samples to identify drug involvement. NHTSA has contracted with PIRE to conduct the drug risk study, providing an opportunity for using it as a framework for adding-on a study of the relative risk of crash involvement of drivers with alcohol use disorders. The proposed add-on would also identify hardcore drinking drivers through their driving records to determine their prevalence in traffic crashes. The add-on study would also provide for the collection and analysis of crash records to determine crash responsibility, which will permit for the first time the calculation of relative risk of causing a crash, rather than simply being involved in a crash. Finally, the add-on study, through the collection of information on alcohol use disorders on the drivers in the NHTSA drug risk study, will permit the determination of the relative risk of drivers with comorbid alcohol and drug use problems. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Public Health Relevance Statement This study is directed at the prevention of the 13,000 fatalities caused by alcohol-related crashes involving impaired drivers each year in the United States. It will determine the prevalence of drivers with alcohol use disorders in traffic crashes and provide information to policymakers concerned with treatment and prevention programs.