Health Interventions with Interlock Users: Effective?

描述（由申请人提供）：酒精点火联锁装置可防止醉酒驾驶员启动车辆，已被证明对于减少酒后驾驶 (DUI) 罪犯的累犯非常有效。 这些证据引发了全国性的强烈趋势，要求各州颁布立法，要求对所有酒后驾车罪犯使用联锁装置。 然而，此类立法的有效性是有限的，因为联锁装置只有在安装在违法者车辆上时才有效（通常为 6 个月至 2 年），但酒驾违法者通常在更长的时间内（长达 7 年）仍然对公众构成高于平均水平的风险。 需要制定一些计划，旨在将联锁装置的有效性延长到罪犯车辆上的有效期限之外。 有一些证据表明，简短的教育计划和增加对联锁性能的监控强度可以减少联锁拆除后的累犯。 该申请提出了一项涵盖佛罗里达州 40,000 名酒后驾车罪犯 10 年数据的研究，该研究针对联锁用户实施了一项干预计划，旨在减少他们解禁后的累犯。 该计划遵循一种医学模式，其中干预的需要是通过连锁呼气测试表现而不是通过筛选访谈来客观确定的。 此外，随着需求的增加，干预措施是分阶段实施的，通过提高所提供的治疗水平来实现。 该计划实施了三种类型的干预措施——教育、监测和治疗——有一些证据表明它们减少了连环犯的累犯。 在可以确定干预措施的效益的情况下，进行成本效益估计 将针对分析的样本以及在其他州应用时的预期效益而开发。 公共卫生相关性：联锁装置可以防止被定罪的醉酒司机启动车辆，从而挽救生命，但一旦将联锁装置从车辆上拆除，它们就不会降低罪犯卷入酒精相关事故的风险。 本研究旨在确定简短的教育计划、更严格的监控或酒精治疗计划是否可以改变这些驾驶员的行为，以便在联锁装置从违法者的车辆上移除后，联锁装置上表现出的更安全的行为能够继续下去。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol-ignition interlocks, which prevent a drinking driver from starting the vehicle, have been demonstrated to be very effective in reducing the recidivism of individuals convicted of driving under the influence (DUI). That evidence has initiated a strong national trend for states to enact legislation requiring interlocks for all DUI offenders. The effectiveness of such legislation is limited, however, because interlocks are only effective while installed on the offender's vehicle (typically 6 months to 2 years), yet DUI offenders generally continue to be an above-average risk to the public for a much longer-up to 7 years. Programs targeted at extending the effectiveness of interlocks beyond the period they are on the offender's vehicle are needed. There is some evidence that brief educational programs and increasing the intensity of the monitoring of interlock performance can reduce recidivism following the removal of the interlock. This application proposes a study covering 10 years of data on 40,000 DUI offenders in Florida, which has implemented an intervention program for interlock users designed to reduce their recidivism following deinstallaton. That program follows a medical model where the need for intervention is determined objectively by interlock breath-test performance rather than by screening interviews. Furthermore, the intervention is applied in stages by increasing the level of treatment provided as an increasing need is demonstrated. The program implements the three types of intervention-education, monitoring, and treatment-for which there is some evidence that they reduce the recidivism of interlock offenders. Where benefits of the interventions can be identified, cost-benefit estimates will be developed for the sample analyzed and for the expected benefit if applied in other states. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Interlocks save lives by preventing convicted drinking drivers from starting their vehicles, but once the interlock is removed from the vehicle, they have no effect on the risk that the offender will be involved in an alcohol-related crash. This study is designed to determine whether brief educational programs, stricter monitoring, or alcohol treatment programs can change the behavior of these drivers so that the safer behavior demonstrated during the time on the interlock continues after its removal from offenders' vehicles.