Health Interventions with Interlock Users: Effective?

对联锁用户的健康干预：有效吗？

• 批准号: 8464891
• 负责人: ROBERT B VOAS
• 金额: $ 19.99万
• 依托单位: PACIFIC INSTITUTE FOR RES AND EVALUATION
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-30 至 2014-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8464891
• 关键词: Health; Interventions; Interlock; Users; Effective

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Alcohol-ignition interlocks, which prevent a drinking driver from starting the vehicle, have been demonstrated to be very effective in reducing the recidivism of individuals convicted of driving under the influence (DUI). That evidence has initiated a strong national trend for states to enact legislation requiring interlocks for all DUI offenders. The effectiveness of such legislation is limited, however, because interlocks are only effective while installed on the offender's vehicle (typically 6 months to 2 years), yet DUI offenders generally continue to be an above-average risk to the public for a much longer-up to 7 years. Programs targeted at extending the effectiveness of interlocks beyond the period they are on the offender's vehicle are needed. There is some evidence that brief educational programs and increasing the intensity of the monitoring of interlock performance can reduce recidivism following the removal of the interlock. This application proposes a study covering 10 years of data on 40,000 DUI offenders in Florida, which has implemented an intervention program for interlock users designed to reduce their recidivism following deinstallaton. That program follows a medical model where the need for intervention is determined objectively by interlock breath-test performance rather than by screening interviews. Furthermore, the intervention is applied in stages by increasing the level of treatment provided as an increasing need is demonstrated. The program implements the three types of intervention-education, monitoring, and treatment-for which there is some evidence that they reduce the recidivism of interlock offenders. Where benefits of the interventions can be identified, cost-benefit estimates will be developed for the sample analyzed and for the expected benefit if applied in other states. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Interlocks save lives by preventing convicted drinking drivers from starting their vehicles, but once the interlock is removed from the vehicle, they have no effect on the risk that the offender will be involved in an alcohol-related crash. This study is designed to determine whether brief educational programs, stricter monitoring, or alcohol treatment programs can change the behavior of these drivers so that the safer behavior demonstrated during the time on the interlock continues after its removal from offenders' vehicles.

描述（由申请人提供）：酒精点火联锁装置，防止酒后驾驶员启动车辆，已被证明是非常有效的减少个人的累犯被定罪的影响下驾驶（DUI）。 这一证据引发了一种强烈的全国性趋势，即各州颁布立法，要求对所有酒后驾车的罪犯实行联锁。 然而，这种立法的效力是有限的，因为联锁装置只有在安装在罪犯的车辆上时才有效（通常为6个月至2年），而DUI罪犯通常继续对公众造成高于平均水平的风险长达7年。 需要有针对性地将联锁装置的有效性延长到罪犯车辆上的时间之外的方案。 有一些证据表明，简短的教育计划和增加联锁性能的监测强度可以减少联锁拆除后的累犯。 该申请提出了一项研究，涵盖了佛罗里达40，000名DUI罪犯的10年数据，该研究为联锁用户实施了一项干预计划，旨在减少他们在卸载后的再犯率。 该计划遵循一种医学模式，即通过联锁呼吸测试的表现而不是通过筛选面试客观地确定干预的必要性。 此外，还分阶段实施干预措施，在证明需要增加时提高治疗水平。 该方案实施了三种类型的干预教育，监测和治疗，有一些证据表明，他们减少了连锁罪犯的累犯。 在可以确定干预措施的效益的情况下， 将针对所分析的样本以及在其他州应用时的预期效益进行开发。 公共卫生相关性：联锁装置通过防止被定罪的饮酒司机启动车辆来挽救生命，但是一旦联锁装置从车辆上拆除，它们对罪犯卷入与酒精有关的撞车事故的风险没有影响。 这项研究的目的是确定是否简短的教育计划，更严格的监测，或酒精治疗计划可以改变这些司机的行为，使更安全的行为表现在时间上的联锁继续后，其从罪犯的车辆。