Assessing Density of Alcohol Outlets, Other Outlets and Crime

评估酒精销售点、其他销售点和犯罪的密度

• 批准号: 7368110
• 负责人: TRACI L TOOMEY
• 金额: $ 46.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-01 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7368110
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Alcohols; Area; Businesses; Categories; Cities; Country; Crime; Data; Development; Drunk driving; Environmental Risk Factor; Food; Forcible intercourse; Geographic Locations; Goals; Homicide; Industry; Institution; Literature; Measures; Methods; Minnesota; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Policies; Policy Making; Property; Publishing; Religion and Spirituality; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Research Project Grants; Restaurants; Riots; Safety; Schools; Structure; Surveys; Telephone; Universities; Violence; Work; alcohol availability; alcohol effect; alcohol measurement; alcohol related problem; alcohol services; analytical method; assault; college; density; density of AOD outlets; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking; meetings; member; metropolitan; neighborhood association; research study; vandalism

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Potential method to reduce alcohol-related problems, including various types of crime, is to decrease overall drinking rates by changing environmental factors such as the availability of alcohol. Our goal is to evaluate whether density of alcohol establishments' -- one measure of availability -- is related to alcohol-related crime and whether the presence of other physical structures (e.g., non-alcohol businesses, parks) and levels of neighborhood activism moderate this effect. We propose to conduct a three-year study in two Midwestern cities to assess whether: (1) densities of different types of alcohol establishments are positively related to a wide range of alcohol-related crimes (e.g., violent crime, property crime); (2) densities of non-alcohol businesses and other neighborhood physical structures (i.e., parks, schools, and religious institutions), and levels of neighborhood activism are associated with crime rates; and (3) these neighborhood structures and activism moderate the observed associations between densities of alcohol establishments and different types of crime. Previous studies have assessed the relationship between density of alcohol establishments and crime but are limited by types of crime outcomes assessed and/or lack of control for spatial autocorrelation. Additionally, researchers have not assessed potential moderating effects such as neighborhood physical structures or neighborhood activism. We will use archival data, including data on: (1) alcohol establishments, (2) non-alcohol businesses, (3) parks, schools, and religious institutions, and (4) UCR category I and II crimes. To further assess parks, we will conduct observations of all parks in the two cites. To assess activism within neighborhoods, we will conduct a telephone survey of neighborhood associations. We will use Bayesian analytical methods to address each research question, controlling for spatial autocorrelation across neighborhoods and demographic and enforcement variables (collected through a telephone survey) that may confound the observed relationships. Results from this study will advance the research literature and inform policy and neighborhood development.

描述（由申请人提供）：减少与酒精相关的问题（包括各种类型的犯罪）的潜在方法是通过改变环境因素（例如酒精的供应量）来降低总体饮酒率。我们的目标是评估酒精场所的密度（衡量可用性的一种指标）是否与酒精相关犯罪有关，以及其他实体结构（例如非酒精企业、公园）的存在和社区活动水平是否会缓和这种影响。我们建议在两个中西部城市进行一项为期三年的研究，以评估是否：（1）不同类型酒精场所的密度与广泛的酒精相关犯罪（例如暴力犯罪、财产犯罪）呈正相关； (2) 非酒精企业和其他社区实体结构（即公园、学校和宗教机构）的密度以及社区活动水平与犯罪率相关； (3) 这些社区结构和激进主义调节了酒精场所密度与不同类型犯罪之间观察到的关联。先前的研究评估了酒精场所密度与犯罪之间的关系，但受到评估的犯罪结果类型和/或缺乏对空间自相关的控制的限制。此外，研究人员尚未评估潜在的调节作用，例如邻里物理结构或邻里激进主义。我们将使用档案数据，包括以下方面的数据：(1) 酒精场所，(2) 非酒精企业，(3) 公园、学校和宗教机构，以及 (4) UCR 第一类和第二类犯罪。为了进一步评估公园，我们将对两个城市的所有公园进行观察。为了评估社区内的行动主义，我们将对社区协会进行电话调查。我们将使用贝叶斯分析方法来解决每个研究问题，控制社区之间的空间自相关以及可能混淆观察到的关系的人口统计和执行变量（通过电话调查收集）。这项研究的结果将推动研究文献的发展，并为政策和社区发展提供信息。