MOTIVATIONAL STATE AS A MECHANISM OF COGNITIVE SELF-REGULATION

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的重点是探索动机和认知控制的相互作用的心理和神经机制，以及这种相互作用如何受到个体差异的不同维度的影响。动机可能是认知自我调节的基本机制。在这个项目中测试的主要假设是，认知和行为目标的激活，优先级，并根据其对个人的激励价值保持。此外，不同的情感和动机状态可能对认知加工和认知控制产生不同的影响。目前的建议提供了一个创新的和理论驱动的认知神经科学的方法来解决这个问题，通过检查三个不同的情感/动机的维度-他人导向（社会）与自我导向，内在与外在，积极的影响与奖励为基础的动机-在他们对认知控制的神经机制的影响。具体来说，在一个大样本的神经影像学研究中，我们将探讨这些动机状态之间的差异如何影响行为和大脑活动动力学在执行认知任务与高控制要求（线索任务切换）。该项目的一个关键组成部分将是全面和严格地检查理论上相关的动机特质的个体差异的调节作用。明确的和理论指导的可检验的假设，提供关于每个动机维度可能会影响认知控制的组成部分，以及相关的神经回路。这个项目承诺有实质性的意义，填补了一个重要的知识空白的作用，动机作为一个基本的认知自我调节机制。因此，这项工作可能会对教育和工作场所的做法产生长期影响，并对精神分裂症，抑郁症，ADHD和药物滥用等临床疾病的治疗产生长期影响。 公共卫生相关性：该项目通过推进有关心理和生物学基础的科学知识对公共卫生具有高度相关性，动机通过这些基础影响一系列领域的信息处理和行为，包括解决问题，决策，记忆和注意力。更好地了解这些影响对于制定更好的教育和工作场所做法以及改善临床和精神疾病，包括药物滥用的治疗至关重要。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project focuses on exploring the psychological and neural mechanisms that underlie the interaction of motivation and cognitive control, and how this interaction might be influenced by different dimensions of individual difference. Motivation may provide a basic mechanism of cognitive self-regulation. The primary hypothesis tested in this project is that cognitive and behavioral goals are activated, prioritized, and maintained according to their motivational value to the individual. Moreover, different affective and motivational states may have distinct influences on cognitive processing and cognitive control. The current proposal provides an innovative and theoretically-driven cognitive neuroscience approach towards this question, by examining three different affective/motivational dimensions - other-oriented (social) vs. self-oriented, intrinsic vs. extrinsic, and positive affect vs. reward-based motivation - in terms of their influence on the neural mechanisms of cognitive control. Specifically, in a large-sample neuroimaging study we will explore how differences between these motivational states impact behavior and brain activity dynamics during performance of a cognitive task with high control demands (cued task-switching). A key component of the project will be to comprehensively and rigorously examine the moderating influence of individual differences in theoretically relevant motivational traits. Clear-cut and theoretically-guided testable hypotheses are provided regarding how each motivational dimension might impact components of cognitive control, and the associated neural circuitry. This project promises to have substantial significance by filling an important gap in knowledge regarding the role of motivation as a basic mechanism of cognitive self-regulation. As such, this work may have long-term impact on educational and workplace practices, and treatments for debilitating clinical disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, ADHD, and substance abuse. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project has high relevance for public health by advancing scientific knowledge regarding the psychological and biological basis by which motivation influences information processing and behavior in a range of areas, including problem-solving, decision-making, memory and attention. An improved understanding of these influences will be of critical importance for developing better educational and workplace practices, and improving treatments of clinical and psychiatric disorders, including substance abuse.