Evidence based control strategies of Sleeping Sickness vectors

描述(由申请者提供)：该Fogarty国际研究合作奖(FIRCA)提案是关于采采蝇种群遗传学的，以支持东非正在进行的人类非洲锥虫病(HAT)控制活动。家长赠款(NIAID R01Al068932,2008年1月1日至2012年12月31日)涉及乌干达两个HAT疾病带(冈比亚和罗得西亚)的分子和生态问题，重点是采采蝇及其寄生虫和内共生体的种群和进化遗传学。FIRCA的联合研究员Johnson Ouma博士是一位经验丰富的采采族遗传学家，现任采采族基因组研究负责人和肯尼亚国家锥虫病研究中心(TRC)副主任。由于邻国乌干达的持续流行以及人员和牛的流动增加(已知的布氏锥虫宿主)，肯尼亚有爆发HAT的风险。早些时候，维多利亚湖盆地和南部裂谷的采采热控制努力是不可持续的，这些地区迅速重新人口增加。目前尚不清楚兰布韦现存的苍白球藻媒介种群是来自邻近种群的重新入侵，还是通过不完全消除低于检测阈值的当地种群。目前正在再次努力从兰布韦山谷和周围地区消灭梅毒螺旋体。这项应用有三个目的：1)估计维多利亚湖流域和裂谷南部梅毒螺旋体种群之间的基因流动速率和遗传分化程度；2)估计兰布韦和Nguruman山谷梅毒螺旋体种群的局部时间遗传分化水平和动态；3)了解从兰布韦河谷苍蝇/人和已知水库动物分离的循环锥虫寄生虫多样性。研究结果将有助于了解东非苍白球藻种群的繁殖模式，从而确定可能成为恩古鲁曼和兰布韦移民的种群。这一知识对正在进行和计划中的采采热控制计划很重要，并有助于开发在媒介抑制努力期间将邻近种群包括或排除在目标种群中的方法。了解传播中的寄生虫菌株也将有助于更好地了解疾病风险和流行病学。 与公共卫生相关：采采蝇是非洲锥虫的媒介，是昏睡病的病原体。肯尼亚出现昏睡病的风险很高。这项应用调查了肯尼亚采采蝇的种群遗传学，并将有利于正在进行的媒介控制计划，以提高其可持续性。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Fogarty International Research Collaboration award (FIRCA) proposal is on tsetse fly population genetics in order to support the ongoing Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) control activities in East Africa. The parent grant (NIAID R01Al068932, 01/01/2008 to 12/31/2012) addresses the molecular and ecological aspects of the two HAT disease belts (gambiense and rhodesiense) in Uganda with a focus on population and evolutionary genetics of tsetse flies and their parasites and endosymbionts. The co- investigator of this FIRCA, Dr. Johnson Ouma, is an experienced tsetse population geneticist who is now the head of tsetse genomic research and Deputy Director of the national Trypanosomiasis Research Center (TRC) in Kenya. Kenya is at risk of HAT outbreaks due to ongoing epidemics in neighboring Uganda and increased movement of people and cattle (known reservoirs for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense). Earlier tsetse control efforts in the Lake Victoria basin and in the southern Rift Valley were unsustainable and these regions rapidly became repopulated. It is unknown if the extant G. pallidipes vector populations in Lambwe originated through reinvasion from neighboring populations, or through incomplete elimination of local populations that existed below thresholds of detection. Efforts are underway once again to eliminate G. pallidipes from Lambwe valley and surrounding areas. This application has three aims to: 1) estimate rates of gene flow and degrees of genetic differentiation among G. pallidipes populations around the Lake Victoria basin and in southern Rift Valley, 2) estimate local levels of temporal genetic differentiation and dynamics of G. pallidipes populations from the Lambwe and Nguruman valleys and 3) understand the circulating trypanosome parasite diversity isolated from flies/humans and known reservoir animals in the Lambwe valley. Results will help understand the breeding pattern of G. pallidipes populations in East Africa, and thus identify populations that can serve as potential sources of immigrants into Nguruman and Lambwe. This knowledge is important to the ongoing and planned tsetse control programs and can help develop methods for inclusion or exclusion of adjacent populations to the target population during vector suppression efforts. Knowledge on parasite strains in circulation will also help better understand disease risk and epidemiology. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Tsetse flies are vectors of African trypanosomes, agents of sleeping sickness. Kenya is under high risk for emergence of sleeping sickness. This application investigates population genetics of tsetse flies in Kenya and will benefit the ongoing vector control programs to improve their sustainability.