Evidence based control strategies of Sleeping Sickness vectors

昏睡病媒介的循证控制策略

• 批准号: 8085754
• 负责人: Serap AKSOY
• 金额: $ 5.6万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8085754
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; African Trypanosomiasis; Animal Diseases; Animals; Area; Award; Bacteria; Blood Circulation; Breeding; Cattle; Chronic; Clinic; Collaborations; Collection; Consumption; Country; Data; Deposition; Detection; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Vectors; Domestic Animals; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Equilibrium; Exclusion; Family suidae; Farming environment; Flare; Frequencies; Fright; Future; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genomics; Genotype; Geographic Locations; Goals; Grant; Head; Health; Human; Human Bites; Immigrant; Immigration; Individual; Infection; Inherited; Insecta; International; Investigation; Kenya; Knowledge; Laboratories; Livestock; Location; Maps; Meat; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Mitochondrial DNA; Modeling; Molecular; Monitor; Movement; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Nature; Outcome; Parasites; Parents; Patients; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Population Biology; Population Control; Population Density; Population Genetics; Prevalence; Production; Province; Public Health; Recrudescences; Refractory; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resistance; Risk; Role; Sampling; Seasons; Site; Source; Sterility; Structure; System; Target Populations; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Transgenic Organisms; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse Flies; Uganda; Vaccines; Wild Animals; Wolbachia; base; density; design; disorder control; disorder risk; epidemiological model; evidence base; experience; feeding; fly; forest; health record; high risk; human disease; improved; insight; invertebrate host; killings; model development; novel; nutrition; parent grant; population genetic structure; predictive modeling; preference; prevent; programs; public health relevance; reconstitution; research study; success; time use; tool; trafficking; transmission process; vector; vector control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Fogarty International Research Collaboration award (FIRCA) proposal is on tsetse fly population genetics in order to support the ongoing Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) control activities in East Africa. The parent grant (NIAID R01Al068932, 01/01/2008 to 12/31/2012) addresses the molecular and ecological aspects of the two HAT disease belts (gambiense and rhodesiense) in Uganda with a focus on population and evolutionary genetics of tsetse flies and their parasites and endosymbionts. The co- investigator of this FIRCA, Dr. Johnson Ouma, is an experienced tsetse population geneticist who is now the head of tsetse genomic research and Deputy Director of the national Trypanosomiasis Research Center (TRC) in Kenya. Kenya is at risk of HAT outbreaks due to ongoing epidemics in neighboring Uganda and increased movement of people and cattle (known reservoirs for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense). Earlier tsetse control efforts in the Lake Victoria basin and in the southern Rift Valley were unsustainable and these regions rapidly became repopulated. It is unknown if the extant G. pallidipes vector populations in Lambwe originated through reinvasion from neighboring populations, or through incomplete elimination of local populations that existed below thresholds of detection. Efforts are underway once again to eliminate G. pallidipes from Lambwe valley and surrounding areas. This application has three aims to: 1) estimate rates of gene flow and degrees of genetic differentiation among G. pallidipes populations around the Lake Victoria basin and in southern Rift Valley, 2) estimate local levels of temporal genetic differentiation and dynamics of G. pallidipes populations from the Lambwe and Nguruman valleys and 3) understand the circulating trypanosome parasite diversity isolated from flies/humans and known reservoir animals in the Lambwe valley. Results will help understand the breeding pattern of G. pallidipes populations in East Africa, and thus identify populations that can serve as potential sources of immigrants into Nguruman and Lambwe. This knowledge is important to the ongoing and planned tsetse control programs and can help develop methods for inclusion or exclusion of adjacent populations to the target population during vector suppression efforts. Knowledge on parasite strains in circulation will also help better understand disease risk and epidemiology. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Tsetse flies are vectors of African trypanosomes, agents of sleeping sickness. Kenya is under high risk for emergence of sleeping sickness. This application investigates population genetics of tsetse flies in Kenya and will benefit the ongoing vector control programs to improve their sustainability.

描述（由申请人提供）：该Fogarty国际研究合作奖（FIRCA）的提案是关于采采蝇种群遗传学的，以支持东非正在进行的人类非洲锥虫（HAT）控制活动。母基金（NIAID R 01 Al 068932，01/01/2008至12/31/2012）涉及乌干达两个HAT疾病带（冈比亚和罗得西亚）的分子和生态学方面，重点是采采蝇及其寄生虫和内共生体的种群和进化遗传学。本次FIRCA的共同研究者约翰逊欧马博士是一位经验丰富的采采蝇种群遗传学家，他现在是肯尼亚采采蝇基因组研究的负责人和国家锥虫研究中心（TRC）的副主任。由于邻国乌干达的疫情持续以及人员和牛的流动增加（已知的布氏锥虫罗德西亚亚种的宿主），肯尼亚面临HAT爆发的风险。早先在维多利亚湖盆地和裂谷南部的采采蝇控制工作是不可持续的，这些地区迅速重新繁殖。目前尚不清楚现存的G. Lambwe中的苍白足病媒种群起源于邻近种群的再次入侵，或通过不完全消除低于检测阈值的当地种群。目前正在努力再次消除G。来自Lambwe山谷和周边地区的pallidipes。本研究的目的有三：（1）估计G.维多利亚湖流域和东非大裂谷南部的白足类种群，2）估计了当地白足类种群的时间遗传分化水平和动态。pallidipes种群的Lambwe和Nguruman山谷和3）了解循环锥虫寄生虫的多样性分离的苍蝇/人类和已知的水库动物在Lambwe山谷。研究结果将有助于了解G. pallidipes种群在东非，从而确定人口，可以作为潜在的移民来源到Nguruman和Lambwe。这些知识对于正在进行和计划中的采采蝇控制方案非常重要，并且可以帮助开发在媒介抑制工作期间纳入或排除目标种群的邻近种群的方法。关于流通中寄生虫菌株的知识也将有助于更好地了解疾病风险和流行病学。 公共卫生相关性：采采蝇是非洲锥虫的媒介，是昏睡病的病原体。肯尼亚出现昏睡病的风险很高。该应用程序调查了肯尼亚采采蝇的种群遗传学，将有利于正在进行的病媒控制计划，以提高其可持续性。