Evidence based control strategies of Sleeping Sickness vectors

描述（由申请人提供）：这个福格蒂国际研究合作奖（FIRCA）提案是关于采采蝇种群遗传学的，以支持正在东非进行的非洲人类锥虫病（HAT）控制活动。亲本赠款（NIAID R01Al068932, 2008年1月1日至2012年12月31日）涉及乌干达两个HAT病带（冈比亚病和罗得西亚病）的分子和生态方面，重点关注采采蝇及其寄生虫和内共生生物的种群和进化遗传学。该FIRCA的联合研究员Johnson Ouma博士是一位经验丰富的采采种群遗传学家，他现在是采采基因组研究的负责人和肯尼亚国家锥虫病研究中心（TRC）的副主任。由于邻国乌干达正在流行，以及人口和牛的流动增加（已知是布氏罗得西亚锥虫的宿主），肯尼亚面临HAT暴发的风险。早期在维多利亚湖盆地和南部大裂谷的采采蝇控制工作是不可持续的，这些地区迅速重新出现了人口。目前尚不清楚兰贝省现存的苍白螺旋体病媒种群是通过邻近种群的再入侵，还是通过不完全消除存在于检测阈值以下的当地种群而产生的。目前正在再次努力从兰贝谷及周边地区消灭苍白棘球蚴。该应用程序有三个目的：1)估计维多利亚湖流域和裂谷南部白斑锥虫种群之间的基因流动率和遗传分化程度；2)估计兰贝河流域和nguman流域白斑锥虫种群的局部时间遗传分化和动态水平；3)了解兰贝河流域从苍蝇/人类和已知水库动物中分离出来的循环锥虫寄生虫多样性。研究结果将有助于了解东非白僵菌种群的繁殖模式，从而确定可能成为nguman和Lambwe潜在移民来源的种群。这一知识对于正在进行和计划中的采采蝇控制规划非常重要，并有助于在媒介抑制工作期间制定将邻近种群纳入或排除到目标种群的方法。对传播中的寄生虫品系的了解也将有助于更好地了解疾病风险和流行病学。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Fogarty International Research Collaboration award (FIRCA) proposal is on tsetse fly population genetics in order to support the ongoing Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) control activities in East Africa. The parent grant (NIAID R01Al068932, 01/01/2008 to 12/31/2012) addresses the molecular and ecological aspects of the two HAT disease belts (gambiense and rhodesiense) in Uganda with a focus on population and evolutionary genetics of tsetse flies and their parasites and endosymbionts. The co- investigator of this FIRCA, Dr. Johnson Ouma, is an experienced tsetse population geneticist who is now the head of tsetse genomic research and Deputy Director of the national Trypanosomiasis Research Center (TRC) in Kenya. Kenya is at risk of HAT outbreaks due to ongoing epidemics in neighboring Uganda and increased movement of people and cattle (known reservoirs for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense). Earlier tsetse control efforts in the Lake Victoria basin and in the southern Rift Valley were unsustainable and these regions rapidly became repopulated. It is unknown if the extant G. pallidipes vector populations in Lambwe originated through reinvasion from neighboring populations, or through incomplete elimination of local populations that existed below thresholds of detection. Efforts are underway once again to eliminate G. pallidipes from Lambwe valley and surrounding areas. This application has three aims to: 1) estimate rates of gene flow and degrees of genetic differentiation among G. pallidipes populations around the Lake Victoria basin and in southern Rift Valley, 2) estimate local levels of temporal genetic differentiation and dynamics of G. pallidipes populations from the Lambwe and Nguruman valleys and 3) understand the circulating trypanosome parasite diversity isolated from flies/humans and known reservoir animals in the Lambwe valley. Results will help understand the breeding pattern of G. pallidipes populations in East Africa, and thus identify populations that can serve as potential sources of immigrants into Nguruman and Lambwe. This knowledge is important to the ongoing and planned tsetse control programs and can help develop methods for inclusion or exclusion of adjacent populations to the target population during vector suppression efforts. Knowledge on parasite strains in circulation will also help better understand disease risk and epidemiology. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Tsetse flies are vectors of African trypanosomes, agents of sleeping sickness. Kenya is under high risk for emergence of sleeping sickness. This application investigates population genetics of tsetse flies in Kenya and will benefit the ongoing vector control programs to improve their sustainability.