Relationships, Sexual Norms, and HIV Prevention Among African American Youth

非裔美国青年的关系、性规范和艾滋病毒预防

• 批准号: 8089241
• 负责人: KARIN Kristina COYLE
• 金额: $ 49.78万
• 依托单位: EDUCATION, TRAINING, & RESEARCH ASSOCS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2014-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8089241
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adolescent Development; Affect; African American; Age; Attitude; Awareness; Behavior; Behavior Therapy; Behavioral; Belief; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Child; Childhood; Coitus; Communication; Communities; Data; Development; Education; Educational Curriculum; Electronics; Elements; Ensure; Environment; Ethnic Origin; Evaluation; Event; Future; Gender; Genital system; HIV; Hand; Home environment; Infection; Intervention; Intervention Studies; Knowledge; Literature; Methods; Minority; Modeling; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Parents; Patient Self-Report; Personal Digital Assistant; Play; Prevention; Prevention program; Preventive Intervention; Process; Public Health; Race; Randomized; Reaction; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Reduction; Risk-Taking; Role; Schools; Self Efficacy; Sexual Partners; Sexuality; Sexually Transmitted Diseases; Site; Staging; Students; Surveys; Testing; Time; Touch sensation; Unplanned pregnancy; Youth; base; condoms; design; disorder risk; early adolescence; effective intervention; evidence base; innovation; middle school; parent-child communication; peer; positive youth development; pregnancy prevention; pressure; prevent; programs; public health relevance; sex; sex risk; sexual relationship; skills; social; statistics; stem; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Urban minority youth, particularly African Americans, are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (CDC, 2007a, 2007b, 2008a). Although early adolescence is a valuable window to focus prevention efforts, there are relatively few evidence-based HIV prevention interventions for middle school youth that have been tested and found effective in school settings. Consistent with the objectives of the NICHD RFA, the proposed study is designed to address these gaps by developing and testing a new theory-based intervention for urban, minority, middle school youth that builds on essential elements of sexuality development, sexual risk behavior prevention, and positive youth development. The proposed study will assess the effects of two theoretically based intervention components that aim to promote relationship development as an avenue of reducing sexual risk taking behaviors: (1) a skills- and norm-based HIV, other STI, and pregnancy prevention curriculum that will focus on relationships and related behaviors that may affect disease risk, such as developing healthy relationships, sexual partnering (e.g., multiple and concurrent partners), relationship norms (e.g., when to have sex in relationships), condom use and HIV/STI testing within relationships, and ending unhealthy relationships; and (2) a school-wide social norms component that will feature monthly peer-led activities (some delivered via electronic media) to permeate the school environment with pro-social norms regarding healthy relationships--reinforcing and extending the potential effects of the classroom curriculum, and providing positive models for other youth. The program will be evaluated to determine its efficacy in altering behavioral intentions and sexual risk taking behaviors (e.g., sexual initiation, number and type of partners, condom use) and related determinants, such as functional knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, perceived norms, parent-child communication, sexual limits, and awareness of risky situations. The evaluation will feature a randomized controlled design involving 10 schools (approximately 1,500 students). Five schools would receive the intervention; the other five would serve as comparison sites. Students would be assessed 3 times during the study--baseline, 6 and 18 months, using self report surveys administered with audio-enhanced personal digital assistants (APDAs). The proposed study would be among the first to evaluate an HIV prevention program for middle school youth that features relationships as a core theme. Further, resulting data would expand the limited literature on prevention activities for early adolescents; it would also add to a growing body of literature on adolescent relationship development, particularly among African American and other urban minority youth. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Urban minority youth, particularly African Americans, are disproportionately affected by HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Although early adolescence is a valuable window to focus prevention efforts, there are relatively few evidence-based HIV prevention interventions for middle school youth that have been tested and found effective in school settings. The proposed school-based project has several significant features that advance public health efforts to prevent HIV, other STI, and unplanned pregnancy for urban minority youth. It: 1) features a theoretically-based intervention that integrates essential elements drawn from sexuality development, evidence-based sexual risk behavior prevention programs, and positive youth development; 2) integrates HIV, other STI, and pregnancy prevention to enhance the relevance and salience of the program content; 3) addresses the characteristics of effective programs identified by Kirby (2007); and 4) centers on adolescent relationship development, an innovative approach to HIV prevention.

描述（由申请人提供）：城市少数民族青年，特别是非洲裔美国人，不成比例地受到艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他性传播感染（STIs）的影响（CDC，2007 a，2007 b，2008 a）。虽然青春期早期是集中预防工作的一个宝贵窗口，但在学校环境中经过测试并发现有效的针对中学生的循证艾滋病毒预防干预措施相对较少。与NICHD RFA的目标一致，拟议的研究旨在通过开发和测试一种新的基于理论的干预措施来解决这些差距，该干预措施针对城市，少数民族，中学生，建立在性发展，性风险行为预防和积极的青年发展的基本要素之上。这项拟议的研究将评估两个以理论为基础的干预组成部分的效果，这些干预组成部分旨在促进关系发展，作为减少性风险行为的途径：（1）以技能和规范为基础的艾滋病毒、其他性传播感染和怀孕预防课程，重点关注可能影响疾病风险的关系和相关行为，如发展健康的关系、性伴侣（例如，多个和同时的伙伴），关系规范（例如，何时在关系中发生性行为）、在关系中使用避孕套和进行艾滋病毒/性传播感染检测，以及结束不健康的关系;以及（2）全校范围的社会规范部分，每月将以同伴为主导的活动为特色（有些通过电子媒体提供），以渗透学校环境与亲社会规范有关的健康关系-加强和扩大课堂课程的潜在影响，并为其他年轻人提供积极的榜样。该计划将被评估，以确定其在改变行为意图和性冒险行为（例如，性行为的开始、伴侣的数量和类型、避孕套的使用）和相关的决定因素，如功能知识、态度、信仰、认知规范、亲子沟通、性限制和对危险情况的认识。评估将采用随机对照设计，涉及10所学校（约1 500名学生）。五所学校将接受干预;其他五所学校将作为比较地点。在研究期间，学生将被评估3次-基线，6个月和18个月，使用音频增强型个人数字助理（APDA）管理的自我报告调查。这项拟议中的研究将是第一个评估以关系为核心主题的中学生艾滋病预防计划的研究。此外，由此产生的数据将扩大关于早期青少年预防活动的有限文献;它还将增加关于青少年关系发展的越来越多的文献，特别是非洲裔美国人和其他城市少数民族青年。 公共卫生关系：城市少数民族青年，特别是非裔美国人，受艾滋病毒/艾滋病和其他性传播感染的影响特别大。虽然青春期早期是集中预防工作的一个宝贵窗口，但在学校环境中经过测试并发现有效的针对中学生的循证艾滋病毒预防干预措施相对较少。拟议的以学校为基础的项目有几个重要的特点，推动公共卫生工作，以防止艾滋病毒，其他性传播感染，和城市少数民族青年计划外怀孕。它：1）以理论为基础的干预为特色，整合了性发展、循证性风险行为预防计划和积极的青年发展的基本要素; 2）整合了艾滋病毒、其他性传播感染和怀孕预防，以增强计划内容的相关性和突出性; 3）解决了Kirby（2007）确定的有效计划的特点;（4）以青少年关系发展为中心，这是预防艾滋病毒的一种创新方法。