Learning and adaptation of Multi-Joint Arm Movement

描述（由申请方提供）：这些研究的目的是了解健康受试者如何控制手与环境之间的接触力。虽然许多研究都集中在运动分析上，但人们对执行简单任务时控制接触力的能力知之甚少，例如在白板上书写或操作螺丝刀。拟议的研究将利用PI在以前的周期中开发的电机控制的实验和理论方法。该方法是基于描述的手臂控制系统的行动，作为一个领域的力量产生的神经肌肉系统的手和环境之间的接口。这种方法已经成功地描述了多关节臂的姿态，运动和适应外部环境的变化（力扰动）。这项建议的研究是双重的（部分）过去的工作，因为我们将研究多关节力控制和适应外部环境的变化（运动扰动）。这些研究被组织成三个具体的目标：（目的1）描述和量化力控制的力学。本研究将在健康受试者人群中测试：（a）力产生的方向准确性和可重复性;（B）受试者在随机环境中可实现的阻抗动态范围，从力控制期间的低水平到姿势控制期间的高水平;以及（c）当环境得到良好表征时，力和姿势控制任务期间的阻抗恢复到相似水平的假设。(AIM 2）建立力控制的自适应特性。当一个人学会在一个新的环境中操纵时，他形成了环境力学和几何学的表示。这些表征是在不需要重新学习运动技能的情况下恢复性能的基础。自适应机制将被调查的恢复力控制后，在接触环境的机械性能的变化。(AIM 3）评估和加强操作任务中力和运动控制的结合。有目的的运动行为需要同时满足力量和运动目标。因此，本研究的最终目标是了解力控制训练是否以及如何提高联合收割机运动和力要求相结合的任务（如装配）的性能。这项研究将利用PI实验室提供的触觉和增强现实技术。这个建议是针对理解力控制的完整机制。我们希望，从这项研究的观察结果将导致中风和其他疾病后的力控制和操作缺陷的比较描述，以及恢复这些功能的新方法。公共卫生相关性：本提案旨在了解武力控制的完整机制。我们希望，从这项研究的观察将提供一个坚实的基础，将导致迅速比较描述力控制和操作缺陷中风和其他疾病后，以及新的方法来恢复这些功能。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of these studies is to understand how healthy subjects control contact forces between the hand and the environment. While many studies have focused on the analysis of motion, little is known about the ability to control contact forces when performing simple tasks, such as writing on a whiteboard or operating a screwdriver. The proposed studies will take advantage of an experimental and theoretical approach to motor control developed by the PI in previous cycles. The approach is based on describing the action of the arm control system as a field of forces generated by the neuromuscular system at the interface between the hand and the environment. This approach has been successful in describing multi-joint arm posture, movement and adaptation to changes in the external environment (force perturbations). The studies of this proposal are dual (in part) to this past work, as we will study multi-joint force control and adaptation to changes in the external environment (motion perturbations). The studies are organized into three specific aims: (AIM 1) To describe and quantify the mechanics of force control. This study will test, on a population of healthy subjects, (a) the directional accuracy and repeatability of force generation; (b) subjects' achievable dynamic range of impedance in stochastic environments, from low levels during force control to high levels during posture control; and (c) the hypothesis that impedance during force and posture control tasks revert to similar levels when the environment is well characterized. (AIM 2) To establish the adaptive properties of force control. As one learns to manipulate in a new environment, one forms representations of the environmental mechanics and geometry. These representations are the basis for the recovery of performance without the need for relearning motor skills. Adaptive mechanisms will be investigated for the recovery of force control after a change in the mechanical properties of the contacted environment. (AIM 3) To assess and enhance the combination of force and motion control in manipulation tasks. Purposeful motor behavior requires the satisfaction of force and motion goals that are often present concurrently. Accordingly, the final goal of this study is to understand whether and how the training of force control may lead to improved performance in tasks that combine motion and force requirements, such as assembly. This study will take advantage of haptic and augmented reality technologies that are available in the PI's laboratory. This proposal is directed at understanding the intact mechanisms of force control. We expect that the observations from this study will lead to a comparative description of force control and manipulation deficits after stroke and other disorders, as well as to novel methods for the restoration of these functions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal is directed at understanding the intact mechanisms of force control. We expect that the observations from this study will provide a solid basis that will lead rapidly to a comparative description of force control and manipulation deficits after stroke and other disorders, as well as to novel methods for the restoration of these functions.