Learning and adaptation of Multi-Joint Arm Movement

描述(由申请人提供)：这些研究的目标是了解健康的受试者如何控制手与环境之间的接触力。虽然许多研究都集中在运动分析上，但人们对执行简单任务时控制接触力的能力知之甚少，比如在白板上写字或操作螺丝刀。拟议的研究将利用PI在以前的周期中开发的电机控制的实验和理论方法。该方法基于将手臂控制系统的动作描述为由神经肌肉系统在手与环境之间的界面处产生的力场。这种方法已经成功地描述了多关节手臂的姿势、运动和对外部环境变化(力扰动)的适应。这项提议的研究是对过去工作的双重(部分)，因为我们将研究多关节力控制和适应外部环境(运动扰动)的变化。这些研究分为三个具体目标：(目标1)描述和量化力量控制的机制。这项研究将在一组健康受试者身上测试：(A)力量产生的定向准确性和重复性；(B)受试者在随机环境中阻抗的可实现动态范围，从力量控制过程中的低水平到姿势控制过程中的高水平；以及(C)当环境特征良好时，力量和姿态控制任务中的阻抗恢复到类似水平的假设。(目的2)建立力控制的自适应特性。当一个人学会在一个新的环境中操作时，他就形成了环境力学和几何学的表现形式。这些陈述是恢复运动能力的基础，而不需要重新学习运动技能。将研究在接触环境的机械特性改变后恢复力控制的自适应机制。(目的3)评估和加强在操作任务中的力和运动控制的组合。有目的的运动行为需要满足通常同时存在的力和运动目标。因此，这项研究的最终目标是了解力量控制的训练是否以及如何在结合了运动和力量要求的任务(如装配)中提高绩效。这项研究将利用PI的实验室中提供的触觉和增强现实技术。这项提议旨在了解完整的武力控制机制。我们期望这项研究的观察将导致对中风和其他障碍后的力量控制和操作缺陷的比较描述，以及恢复这些功能的新方法。公共卫生相关性：这项建议旨在了解完整的武力控制机制。我们期望这项研究的观察将提供坚实的基础，迅速导致对中风和其他障碍后的力量控制和操作缺陷的比较描述，以及恢复这些功能的新方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of these studies is to understand how healthy subjects control contact forces between the hand and the environment. While many studies have focused on the analysis of motion, little is known about the ability to control contact forces when performing simple tasks, such as writing on a whiteboard or operating a screwdriver. The proposed studies will take advantage of an experimental and theoretical approach to motor control developed by the PI in previous cycles. The approach is based on describing the action of the arm control system as a field of forces generated by the neuromuscular system at the interface between the hand and the environment. This approach has been successful in describing multi-joint arm posture, movement and adaptation to changes in the external environment (force perturbations). The studies of this proposal are dual (in part) to this past work, as we will study multi-joint force control and adaptation to changes in the external environment (motion perturbations). The studies are organized into three specific aims: (AIM 1) To describe and quantify the mechanics of force control. This study will test, on a population of healthy subjects, (a) the directional accuracy and repeatability of force generation; (b) subjects' achievable dynamic range of impedance in stochastic environments, from low levels during force control to high levels during posture control; and (c) the hypothesis that impedance during force and posture control tasks revert to similar levels when the environment is well characterized. (AIM 2) To establish the adaptive properties of force control. As one learns to manipulate in a new environment, one forms representations of the environmental mechanics and geometry. These representations are the basis for the recovery of performance without the need for relearning motor skills. Adaptive mechanisms will be investigated for the recovery of force control after a change in the mechanical properties of the contacted environment. (AIM 3) To assess and enhance the combination of force and motion control in manipulation tasks. Purposeful motor behavior requires the satisfaction of force and motion goals that are often present concurrently. Accordingly, the final goal of this study is to understand whether and how the training of force control may lead to improved performance in tasks that combine motion and force requirements, such as assembly. This study will take advantage of haptic and augmented reality technologies that are available in the PI's laboratory. This proposal is directed at understanding the intact mechanisms of force control. We expect that the observations from this study will lead to a comparative description of force control and manipulation deficits after stroke and other disorders, as well as to novel methods for the restoration of these functions. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This proposal is directed at understanding the intact mechanisms of force control. We expect that the observations from this study will provide a solid basis that will lead rapidly to a comparative description of force control and manipulation deficits after stroke and other disorders, as well as to novel methods for the restoration of these functions.