Drug Use and Lifestyles of American Youth

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请寻求对监测未来（MTF）研究进行为期五年的延续，该研究是1975年开始的一项正在进行的流行病学和病因学研究和报告项目。除了作为一项基础研究外，MTF已成为美国青少年、大学生和年轻人吸毒趋势的最可靠的信息来源。每年将对8年级、10年级、12年级的学生（140所学校每年每个年级约1.6万名学生）进行具有全国代表性的抽样调查。另一份申请寻求19-30岁、35岁、40岁、45岁和50岁高中毕业生的邮件跟进。该研究的队列-序列纵向设计允许测量和区分三种类型的变化——年龄（发展）、时期（历史）和队列。每一种药物都有不同种类的决定因素，而这三种类型的决定因素在大多数药物中都存在。可以解释历史趋势和群体差异的因素将被监测。MTF的进一步目标是记录到中年吸毒和相关态度的自然历史，并确定有助于吸毒和相关态度的变化和稳定的个人和环境特征以及社会角色转变。其中许多目标可以利用现有的队列序列数据来实现；但研究结果将扩展到新的年份、队列和年龄，并在本应用程序和单独的后续应用程序下收集新的数据。该研究将检验许多其他假设的心理、行为和吸毒的社会决定因素的重要性（包括对毒品的态度和信念、反广告、角色塑造和获取），以及吸毒的一系列潜在后果（包括身体健康、心理健康、地位获得、角色表现、药物滥用和依赖）。研究人员将继续促进其他人为广泛的研究目的广泛使用MTF数据。该研究的测量范围非常广泛，包括：(a)大量合法和非法药物的开始、使用和停止使用；(b)对这些药物的态度和信念，以及感知到的可获得性、同伴规范和榜样群体之间的规范；(c)其他行为和个人特征（犯罪、学业表现、计划、抱负等）；(d)主要社会环境（家庭、工作、学校）和社会角色地位、经历和转变（结婚、怀孕、为人父母、离婚）的各个方面。研究结果将继续对理解和预防从青春期到成年中期的药物使用和滥用产生重大影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application seeks a five-year continuation of the Monitoring the Future (MTF) study, an ongoing epidemiological and etiological research and reporting project begun in 1975. In addition to being a basic research study, MTF has become the nation's most reliable source of information on trends in drug use among American adolescents, college students, and young adults. Nationally representative sample surveys will be conducted annually of 8th-, loth-, and i2th-grade students (about 16,000 in 140 schools per year per grade). A separate application seeks continuation of the mail follow-ups of high school graduates at modal ages 19-30,35,40, 45, and 50. The study's cohort-sequential longitudinal design permits the measurement and differentiation of three types of change-age (developmental), period (historical), and cohort. Each type has different classes of determinants, and all three types have been shown by this study to have occurred for most drugs. Factors that may explain historical trends and cohort differences will be monitored. MTF has the further objectives of documenting the natural history of drug use and related attitudes through middle adulthood, and determining the individual and contextual characteristics and social role transitions that contribute to change and stability in drug use and related attitudes. Many of these goals can be pursued using the existing cohort-sequential data; but the findings will be extended to new years, cohorts, and ages with the new data to be collected under this application and the separate follow-up application. The study will examine the importance of many other hypothesized psychological, behavioral, and social determinants of drug use (including attitudes and beliefs about drugs, counter-advertising, role-modeling, and access), as well as a range of potential consequences of drug use (including physical health, psychological well-being, status attainment, role performance, and drug abuse and dependence). The investigators will continue to facilitate the extensive use of MTF data by others for a wide range of research purposes. The study's very broad measurement covers (a) initiation, use, and cessation for a great many licit and illicit drugs; (b) attitudes and beliefs about these drugs, as well as perceived availability, peer norms, and norms among role model groups; (c) other behaviors and individual characteristics (delinquency, school performance, plans, aspirations, etc.); and (d) aspects of key social environments (home, work, school) and social role statuses, experiences, and transitions (marriage, pregnancy, parenthood, divorce). Study results will continue to have major implications for understanding and preventing drug use and abuse from adolescence through middle adulthood.