Neighborhood Poverty, Health and Economic Security Over the Adult Lifespan

描述（由申请人提供）：生活在一个贫困的社区是否会影响低收入成年人一生的长期健康和经济安全，如果是这样，什么类型的政策反应可以补救这些“社区效应”对健康和福祉？我们寻求资金来回答这些问题，通过分析作为长期随访（10-15年）的一部分收集的数据，低收入的中年和老年人参加了一个独特的随机邻里流动性实验，称为移动到机会（MTO）。MTO示威使用随机抽签的方式，为一些公共住房居民提供机会，而不是其他人，让他们使用租赁住房补贴搬迁到不那么贫困的社区。MTO实验产生了很大的差异，在邻里特征，否则可比组低收入，dispropor，少数民族家庭。从2008年到2010年，我们的团队从MTO的3，215名女性成年人（平均年龄45.6岁）中收集了现场调查数据和生物标志物。我们调查的有效响应率为89%，在随机分配的MTO组中非常相似。初步的意向治疗分析表明，邻里环境可能在决定美国低收入老年人的某些结果方面发挥重要作用，这反过来又表明，科学和政策必须充分了解这些影响及其决定因素和基本机制的性质。本申请的具体目的如下：1.估计MTO引起的社区流动性对收集的全方位健康和经济结果的长期影响，并检查关键基线子样本的影响。 2.分解干预措施对这些结果的总体影响，并确定发生总体影响的机制。 3.开发和测试一个邻里选择的结构模型，这将由一个新的合作研究者领导，我们已经加入了这个团队，只是为了这个目的-佩特拉托德。 4.创建一个公共使用文件和两个限制使用版本的长期MTO数据集，这些数据集将与ICPSR一起存档，以便外部研究人员直接使用，进行二次分析。总体目标是更好地了解MTO和社区流动性对成年人长期健康和经济安全的影响，以及影响这些结果的过程。这项研究将有助于揭示种族和阶级之间在健康和经济成果方面的更大差异。国家信息评估的供资对于进行此处所述的数据准备和数据存档至关重要。 公共卫生相关性：该项目研究了健康和其他结果方面的差异是否可以部分解释为低收入和少数民族成年人生活在高度贫困，高度弱势社区的可能性增加。它将利用生物测量，调查和其他数据从一个独特的住房实验称为移动到机会（MTO）。该项目还将创建一个数据档案，为医学和社会科学研究人员未来的社区研究提供基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Does living in a distressed neighborhood affect the long-term health and economic security of low-income adults over the life course, and if so, what types of policy responses can remediate these "neighborhood effects" on health and well-being? We seek funding to answer these questions by analyzing data collected as part of the long-term follow-up (10-15 years) of low-income middle and older-aged adults participating in a unique randomized neighborhood mobility experiment known as Moving to Opportunity (MTO). The MTO demonstration used a randomized lottery to offer some public housing residents but not others the chance to relocate to less disadvantaged neighborhoods using a rental housing subsidy. MTO experimentally generated large differences in neighborhood characteristics for otherwise comparable groups of low-income, dispropor- tionately minority families. From 2008-10 in-person survey data and biomarkers were collected by our team from 3,215 female adults in MTO (mean age 45.6). The effective response rate to our surveys was 89 percent, and was quite similar across randomly-assigned MTO groups. Preliminary intention-to-treat analyses suggest that neighborhood environments may play an important role in determining some outcomes for low-income aging adults in the U.S., which in turn suggests the importance for science and policy of fully understanding these impacts and the nature of their determinants and underlying mechanisms. The specific aims of the present application are as follows: 1. To estimate the long-term effects of MTO-induced neighborhood mobility on the full range of health and economic outcomes that were collected, and examine impacts for key baseline sub-samples. 2. To decompose the total effects of the intervention on these outcomes and identify the mechanisms through which the aggregate effects occurred. 3. To develop and test a structural model of neighborhood choice, which will be led by a new co- investigator that we have added to the team just for this purpose - Petra Todd. 4. To create a public use file and two restricted-use versions of the long-term MTO dataset that would be archived with ICPSR to be made directly available to outside researchers for secondary analysis. The overarching goal is to better understand the effects of MTO and neighborhood mobility on adult long-term health and economic security as well as the processes by which these outcomes are affected. This study will help shed light on larger disparities in health and economic outcomes across race and class lines. NIA funding is essential to carry out the data preparation, and data archiving described here. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project examines whether disparities in health and other outcomes can be explained in part by the increased likelihood that low-income and minority adults live in high-poverty, highly- disadvantaged neighborhoods. It will draw on biomeasures, surveys and other data from a unique housing experiment known as Moving to Opportunity (MTO). The project will also create a data archive to provide a foundation for future neighborhood research by medical and social science researchers.