Field Deployable Vapor Intrusion Monitor

现场可部署蒸汽入侵监视器

• 批准号: 8123758
• 负责人: BIKAS VAIDYA
• 金额: $ 12.65万
• 依托单位: LYNNTECH, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2011-09-01 至 2012-08-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8123758
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Air; Analytical Chemistry; Animals; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Biological Products; Breathing; Chemical Agents; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chronic; Detection; Development; Devices; Disease; Dizziness; Dust; Engineering; Environmental Monitoring; Esthetics; Explosion; Exposure to; Fingerprint; Fingers; Fostering; Frequencies; Functional disorder; Hand; Hazardous Chemicals; Headache; Health; Human; Humidity; Kidney; Lead; Length; Liquid substance; Liver; Lung; Manufacturer Name; Measurement; Measures; Membrane; Methods; Monitor; Performance; Phase; Poison; Population; Printing; Raman Spectrum Analysis; Reading; Reporting; Research; Safety; Scientist; Series; Site; Smoke; Soil; Solid; Spectrum Analysis; Structure; Surface; Surveys; Synthesis Chemistry; System; Technology; Test Result; Tetrachloroethylene; Time; Trichloroethylene; Universities; Vehicle Emissions; Water Pollution; Work; air monitoring; air sampling; base; chemical spill; design; experience; exposed human population; gas analyzer; ground water; hazard; high risk; infrared spectroscopy; interest; irritation; light weight; migration; monitoring device; professor; prototype; residence; uptake; vapor; volatile organic compound; wasting

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Vapor intrusion is the migration of volatile chemicals from the subsurface into overlying buildings, one of the major causes for a large population exposure to hazardous chemicals. These volatile chemicals are often the result of buried waste and/or contaminated groundwater that can emit vapors that may migrate through subsurface soils and into indoor air spaces of overlying buildings. In extreme cases, the vapors may accumulate in dwellings or occupied building to levels that may pose near-term safety hazards (e.g., explosion), acute/chronic health effects, or aesthetic problems. According to a recent report, the two chlorinated chemicals that pose the highest risks from vapor intrusion are the ones that are most frequently found at contaminated sites.2 The two chlorinated compounds trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE) are commonly found as soil or ground-water contamination. Though they exist as liquids under normal conditions, they may migrate upward as vapor intrusion from the ground into buildings. The effect of PCE and TCE on human health depend greatly on how much one is exposed to, and the length and frequency of exposure. Breathing small amounts of TCE may cause headaches, lung irritation, dizziness, and poor concentration.3 Animal studies have shown that long-term exposure to PCE and TCE is connected to kidney and liver damage. Other studies have shown an association between PCE and TCE exposure and cancer.4 Precise measurements of human exposure to chemical and biological agents that may lead to disease or dysfunction will facilitate development of remedy for it. Currently the indoor air monitoring for vapor intrusion is performed with summa canisters or Tedlar bags, both of which collect an air sample that must be analyzed off- site. Another method uses EPA's Trace Atmospheric Gas Analyzer, which gives real-time indoor air readings but is so large it is contained in a specialized bus. Both types of indoor air vapor intrusion analyses are time- consuming and costly, and require multiple entries into a residence. Thus, there is need for a real-time, hand- held, direct-reading air monitoring device that can detect vapor intrusion at trace levels. To address the need, Lynntech proposes to develop a compact, light weight and easy to operate vapor intrusion monitor capable of providing rapid test results. The proposed technology combines: i) solid phase extraction for selective capture and pre-concentration of VOCs, and ii) IR fingerprinting for the unambiguous identification of the analytes. The device can be used both inside and outside of a building to monitor volatile and semi-volatile toxic chemicals such as: TCE, PCE, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polybrominated diphenyls. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Vapor intrusion is the migration of volatile chemicals from the subsurface into overlying buildings; one of the major causes for a large population exposure to hazardous chemicals. In extreme cases, the vapors may accumulate in dwellings or occupied buildings to levels that may pose near-term safety hazards (e.g., explosion), acute/chronic health effects, or aesthetic problems. Lynntech is proposing to develop a field deployable vapor intrusion monitor capable of providing rapid test results based on solid phase extraction for selective capture and pre-concentration, and IR fingerprinting for the unambiguous identification of the analytes.

描述（由申请人提供）：蒸气入侵是挥发性化学物质从地下迁移到上层建筑物中，是大量人口接触危险化学品的主要原因之一。这些挥发性化学物质通常是埋藏废物和/或受污染地下水的结果，这些废物和/或受污染的地下水会释放出蒸气，这些蒸气可能会通过地下土壤迁移到上层建筑物的室内空气空间中。在极端情况下，蒸气可能会在住宅或有人居住的建筑物中积聚，达到可能造成近期安全隐患（例如爆炸）、急性/慢性健康影响或美观问题的水平。根据最近的一份报告，蒸气侵入风险最高的两种氯化化学品是最常在污染地点发现的化学品。2 三氯乙烯 (TCE) 和全氯乙烯 (PCE) 两种氯化化合物通常作为土壤或地下水污染而被发现。尽管它们在正常条件下以液体形式存在，但它们可能会以蒸气形式从地面向上迁移到建筑物中。四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯对人类健康的影响很大程度上取决于接触的量、接触的时间长短和频率。吸入少量三氯乙烯可能会导致头痛、肺部刺激、头晕和注意力不集中。3 动物研究表明，长期接触四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯会导致肾脏和肝脏损伤。其他研究表明，四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯暴露与癌症之间存在关联。4 精确测量人体接触可能导致疾病或功能障碍的化学和生物制剂的情况，将有助于开发治疗方法。目前，室内空气蒸汽入侵监测是通过 summa 罐或 Tedlar 袋进行的，这两种方法都会收集必须在现场进行分析的空气样本。另一种方法是使用 EPA 的痕量大气气体分析仪，该分析仪可提供实时室内空气读数，但其体积太大，需要装在专用总线中。这两种类型的室内空气蒸汽侵入分析都非常耗时且成本高昂，并且需要多次进入住宅。因此，需要一种实时、手持式、直读式空气监测装置，能够检测痕量水平的蒸汽入侵。为了满足这一需求，Lynntech 建议开发一种紧凑、重量轻且易于操作的蒸汽侵入监测仪，能够提供快速测试结果。所提出的技术结合了：i) 用于选择性捕获和预浓缩 VOC 的固相萃取，以及 ii) 用于明确识别分析物的红外指纹图谱。该设备可在建筑物内部和外部使用，监测挥发性和半挥发性有毒化学品，例如：三氯乙烯、四氯乙烯、多环芳烃和多溴联苯。 公共卫生相关性：蒸汽入侵是指挥发性化学物质从地下迁移到上层建筑物中；大量人口接触危险化学品的主要原因之一。在极端情况下，蒸气可能会在住宅或有人居住的建筑物中积聚，达到可能造成近期安全隐患（例如爆炸）、急性/慢性健康影响或美观问题的水平。 Lynntech 提议开发一种可现场部署的蒸汽入侵监测器，能够基于固相萃取进行选择性捕获和预浓缩，以及用于明确识别分析物的红外指纹识别，提供快速测试结果。