Jail-Based Treatment to Reduce Substance Abuse, Recidivism and Risky Behavior

监狱治疗可减少药物滥用、累犯和危险行为

• 批准号: 8130051
• 负责人: JUNE P TANGNEY
• 金额: $ 59.47万
• 依托单位: GEORGE MASON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-30 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8130051
• 关键词: AODD relapse; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Basic Science; Behavior; Belief; Cognition; Communities; Community Services; Continuity of Patient Care; County; Crime; Data Collection; Distant; Emotions; Empathy; Employment; Environment; Evaluation; Family Planning; Fostering; Funding; Guilt; HIV; HIV Infections; Health Personnel; Heart; Home environment; Imprisonment; Intervention; Interview; Jail; Justice; Link; Longitudinal Studies; Manuscripts; Marriage; Measures; Mediating; Mental disorders; Modeling; Morals; Ownership; Personality; Phase; Population; Preparation; Prisoner; Prisons; Process; Prospective Studies; Randomized Clinical Trials; Research; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Role; Shame; Societies; Specific qualifier value; Structure; Substance Addiction; Substance Use Disorder; Substance abuse problem; Technology Assessment; Thinking; Time; Treatment Effectiveness; anti social; base; criminal behavior; design; experience; follow-up; group intervention; high risk; innovative technologies; longitudinal analysis; meetings; offender; parental involvement; phase 2 study; programs; psychologic; psychopathic personality; racial and ethnic disparities; recidivism; research study; rural area; social; success; theories

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project imports social-personality theory and research on moral emotions and cognitions to the applied problems of crime, substance abuse, and HIV risk behavior. The primary aims are to better understand the role of moral emotions (i.e., shame, guilt and empathy) and moral cognitions (i.e., criminogenic beliefs) in the lives of currently and recently incarcerated offenders, and to develop effective culturally sensitive jail-based interventions targeting these theoretically specified mechanisms of actions (MOAs) to reduce post-release substance use, HIV risk, and recidivism and to enhance offenders' reintegration into the community. Funding is requested to support 4 initiatives: (1) Complete 1 and 4 year post-release interviews of Study 1, a basic research prospective study of moral emotions and cognitions of 508 serious offenders first assessed shortly upon entry to a county jail, and extend the study with 7 and 10 year post-release follow-up interviews; (2) Complete initial phases of Study 2, a Phase II Randomized Clinical Trial (RCT) of the restorative justice-inspired Impact of Crime (IOC) group intervention of 200 jail inmates nearing release into the community, focusing on moral emotions and cognitions as MOAs, and extending this longitudinal study with 3 and 5 year post-release assessments; (3) "Dismantle" the IOC intervention into shorter term modules, and conduct a Phase 1b RCT evaluation to identify its most active components, tailored for pre-trial and pre-sentencing inmates, the most transient subpopulation of jail inmates, in a form that is "setting friendly" responding to the unique constraints of the jail environment; (4) Complete a Phase Ib RCT of a brief manualized "shame-reducing" group intervention for inmates with Substance Use Disorders. The aims of Studies 2, 3 and 4 are to develop treatments tailored to the unique needs of jail inmates and the constraints of jail settings, drawing on results of Study 1. Each year, 7.6 million inmates are released from correctional facilities - with most (7 million) released from jails, not prisons. Yet most treatment - and indeed most treatment research - occurs in prisons, not jails. Unlike prisons typically situated in distant rural areas, jails are located in the heart of communities facilitating post-release planning, family re-unification, continuity of care, etc. Although seriously underutilized, our nation's jails offer an ideal window of opportunity for timely intervention with a large high-risk, multi- need population. Taken together, the proposed project is designed to help fill this gap, developing theory-based empirically supported treatments for jail inmates, capitalizing on cutting edge social psychological research on moral emotions and moral cognitions, and utilizing innovative technologies for assessment to assist treatment providers. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The aim is to reduce several heavy burdens on society - the burden of mental illness (especially antisocial personality disorder), the burden of substance dependence, the burden of HIV infection, and the burden of crime - via interventions tailored to meet the needs of jail inmates nearing re-entry into the community.

描述(申请者提供)：该项目将社会人格理论和道德情绪与认知的研究引入犯罪、药物滥用和艾滋病毒危险行为的应用问题。主要目的是更好地了解道德情绪(即羞耻、内疚和同理心)和道德认知(即引发犯罪的信念)在当前和最近被监禁的罪犯生活中的作用，并针对这些理论上规定的行动机制(MOA)制定有效的文化敏感的监狱干预措施，以减少释放后药物使用、艾滋病毒风险和累犯，并促进罪犯重新融入社会。要求资金支持4项倡议：(1)完成研究1的1年和4年的释放后访谈，这是一项对508名严重罪犯的道德情绪和认知的基础研究前瞻性研究，首次在进入县监狱后不久进行评估，并将研究扩展到释放后7年和10年的后续访谈；(2)完成研究2的初始阶段，即对200名即将被释放到社区的监狱囚犯进行的恢复性司法激发的犯罪影响(IOC)集体干预的第二阶段随机临床试验(RCT)，重点关注道德情绪和作为MOA的认知，并将这项纵向研究扩展到3年和5年的释放后评估；(3)将政府间奥委会的干预措施“拆解”成较短期的模块，并进行一项1b期随机对照研究评估，以确定其最活跃的部分，为审前和宣判前囚犯量身定做，这是监狱囚犯中最短暂的群体，其形式是对监狱环境的独特限制作出“友好设置”；(4)完成Ib期随机对照研究，对患有药物使用障碍的囚犯进行简短的手动“减少羞耻感”团体干预。研究2、研究3和研究4的目的是根据研究1的结果，针对监狱囚犯的独特需求和监狱环境的限制开发量身定做的治疗方法。每年有760万名囚犯从惩教机构释放--其中大多数(700万)是从监狱释放的，而不是监狱。然而，大多数治疗--甚至大多数治疗研究--都是在监狱里进行的，而不是监狱。与通常位于偏远农村地区的监狱不同，监狱位于促进释放后计划、家庭团聚、持续护理等的社区中心。尽管我国监狱的利用率严重不足，但它为及时干预大量高风险、多种需要的人口提供了一个理想的机会之窗。综上所述，拟议的项目旨在帮助填补这一空白，为监狱囚犯开发基于理论和经验支持的治疗方法，利用关于道德情绪和道德认知的尖端社会心理研究，并利用创新技术进行评估，以帮助治疗提供者。 公共卫生相关性：其目的是通过为满足即将重返社区的监狱囚犯的需要而量身定做的干预措施，减轻社会上的几个沉重负担--精神疾病(特别是反社会人格障碍)的负担、物质依赖的负担、艾滋病毒感染的负担和犯罪的负担。