Jail-Based Treatment to Reduce Substance Abuse, Recidivism and Risky Behavior

项目描述（由申请人提供）：本项目旨在(a)评估被监禁罪犯的道德情感（即羞耻、内疚和同理心）和道德认知（即犯罪信念、道德推理）对释放后药物滥用复发、艾滋病毒风险行为和犯罪再犯的预测程度；(b)评估这种道德情感和认知作为“行动机制”的程度，解释现有监狱项目和服务对这些关键结果产生影响的方式；(c)开发和测试针对这些行动机制（道德情感和认知）的更有效的干预措施，以进一步减少药物滥用复发、艾滋病毒风险行为和犯罪累犯。为了实现这些目标，要求资金支持继续进行一项正在进行的前瞻性研究，该研究涉及450名进入县监狱的严重罪犯（研究1），重点是在释放后1年和3年进行后续评估。此外，还要求拨款实施一项新的精简的对严重罪犯的前瞻性研究，作为制定和评估新的治疗策略的背景（研究2）。研究2有三个不同的目的。首先，基于研究1初始阶段的有希望的结果，研究2将包括犯罪影响的第二阶段随机临床试验（IOC）研讨会，这是一个基于恢复性司法原则和社会人格理论以及道德情感和认知研究的结构化12次会议计划。其次，研究2将包括一个阶段的治疗发展组成部分，以设计一个短期干预，以减少不适应的羞耻感和增强适应性内疚倾向的道德情感风格。第三，研究2提供了一个机会来复制和扩展研究1中关于如何在监禁期间和释放后最好地增强罪犯的情感、社会和行为调整的关键发现。特别是，研究2将包括对艾滋病毒风险行为的扩大评估（例如，共用针头和“工作”的更具体模式可能解释女性罪犯中艾滋病毒感染率很高）和对药物使用动机和感知益处的扩大评估。总之，结果应该有助于阐明如何最好地为罪犯提供治疗，以减少我们社区的药物滥用率、艾滋病毒感染率和犯罪率。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This project is designed to (a) evaluate the degree to which moral emotions (i.e., shame, guilt and empathy) and moral cognitions (i.e., criminogenic beliefs, moral reasoning) of incarcerated offenders predict post- release substance abuse relapse, HIV risk behavior, and criminal recidivism; (b) evaluate the degree to which such moral emotions and cognitions may serve as "mechanisms of action," explaining the means by which existing jail programs and services have an impact on these critical outcomes; and (c) develop and test more efficacious interventions targeting these mechanisms of action (moral emotions and cognitions) to further to reduce substance abuse relapse, HIV risk behavior, and criminal recidivism. To accomplish these aims, funding is requested to support continuation of an ongoing prospective study of 450 serious offenders entering a county jail (Study 1), focusing on follow-up assessments at 1 and 3 years post release. In addition, funding is requested to implement a new streamlined prospective study of serious offenders as the context for developing and evaluating new treatment strategies (Study 2). Study 2 has three distinct aims. First, based on promising results from the initial phases of Study 1, Study 2 will include a Stage II Randomized Clinical Trial of the Impact of Crime (IOC) workshop, a structured 12 session program based on principles of restorative justice and social-personality theory and research on moral emotions and cognitions. Second, Study 2 will include a Stage la treatment development component to design a short-term intervention for reducing maladaptive feelings of shame and enhancing an adaptive guilt-prone moral emotional style. Third, Study 2 offers an opportunity to replicate and extend key findings from Study 1 regarding how best to enhance offenders' emotional, social, and behavioral adjustment both during incarceration and post-release. In particular, Study 2 will include an expanded assessment of HIV risk behaviors (e.g., more specific patterns of sharing needles and "works" that may explain notably high rates of HIV infection among female offenders) and an expanded assessment of motivations for and perceived benefits of substance use. Together, results should help clarify how best to deliver treatment to offenders with the goal of reducing the rates of substance abuse, HIV infection, and crime in our community.