Role of leukotriene B4 receptors in the interplay of inflammation and infection

描述（由申请人提供）：结肠癌是美国癌症相关死亡的主要原因。众所周知，接触多种有害环境因素和食用西方饮食会导致恶性结肠癌的发病机制。虽然已知慢性炎症是肿瘤发展的主要促进因素，但肠道微生物群在导致结肠癌中的作用尚不清楚。我们的实验室已确定白三烯 B4 受体 BLT1 是炎症和宿主感染反应的主要调节因子。在自发性肠癌小鼠模型（ApcMin/）中，我们观察到BLT1的缺失极大地促进了肠道肿瘤的发展。这导致了一个中心假设：BLT1 的缺失会通过缺陷的免疫监视和/或改变微生物肠道稳态来促进结肠肿瘤的发展。这一看似矛盾的结果表明，促炎介质的丧失会增加炎症和肿瘤的发展，这表明肠道不断变化的微环境可能对结直肠癌的发展产生重大影响。当前的提案将在三个具体目标上检验这一假设。在目标 1 中，我们将研究白三烯 B4 通路介导的 ApcMin/ 小鼠肠癌保护机制。目标 2 将在 BLT1 / 和 BLT1-/- 小鼠的背景下建立荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能。目标 3 将测试新概念，即宿主反应缺陷和肠道微生物群改变是 BLT1-/- 小鼠结肠肿瘤快速发展的原因。这些研究将提供一个全面的模型系统来检查炎症和感染与结肠癌发展的相互作用。由于小鼠ApcMin/模型与人类结肠癌高度相关，其结果将对人类结肠癌的治疗产生直接而立竿见影的影响。公共健康相关性：白三烯参与许多急性和慢性炎症性疾病的病理生理学，例如全身性过敏反应、哮喘、动脉粥样硬化和关节炎。白三烯 B4-白三烯 B4 受体 1 轴可能在结肠癌的发展中具有保护功能的新发现为了解这些介质在肿瘤发展中的作用提供了独特的机会。了解小鼠中不同白三烯 B4 受体的精确功能，并确定这些受体在宿主防御和塑造肠道微生物群中的作用，将为结肠癌的治疗提供新方法。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Colon cancer is a leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States. Exposure to a number of hazardous environmental agents and consumption of the Western diet are known to contribute to the pathogenesis of malignant colon cancer. While chronic inflammation is known to be a major promoter of tumor development the role of gut microflora in contributing to the colon cancer is unknown. Our laboratory has identified leukotriene B4 receptor, BLT1 as a major regulator of inflammation and host response to infections. In a mouse model of spontaneous intestinal cancer (ApcMin/+), we have made the observation that absence of BLT1 greatly enhances intestinal tumor development. This has led to the central hypothesis that Absence of BLT1 enhances colon tumor development by defective immune surveillance and/or altered microbial gut homeostasis. This apparently paradoxical result that loss of a proinflammatory mediator increases inflammation and tumor development suggests that the ever changing micro environment of intestine can have a major influence on the development of colorectal cancer. The current proposal will test this hypothesis in three specific aims. In aim 1, we will examine the mechanisms of leukotriene B4 pathway mediated protection of intestinal cancers in ApcMin/+ mice. Aim 2 will establish the immune functions in tumor bearing mice in the context of BLT1+/+ and BLT1-/- mice. Aim 3 will test the novel concept that defective host response and altered gut microbiota are responsible for rapid development of colon tumors in BLT1-/- mice. These studies will provide a comprehensive model system to examine the interplay of inflammation and infections to the development of colon cancer. Since the mouse ApcMin/+ model is highly related to human colon cancers the result will have direct and immediate impact for the treatment of human colon cancer. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Leukotrienes are involved in the pathophysiology of many acute and chronic inflammatory diseases such as systemic anaphylaxis, asthma, atherosclerosis and arthritis. The novel finding that leukotriene B4-leukotriene B4 receptor1 axis may have a protective function in the development of colon cancer offers a unique opportunity to understand the role of these mediators in tumor development. Understanding the precise function of distinct leukotriene B4 receptors in mice and defining the role of these receptors in host defense and shaping the gut microflora will provide novel approaches to the treatment of colon cancer.