Malaria Vector Population Genetic Division and Vector Competence in Hainan Island

描述(申请人提供)：海南岛疟疾病媒种群遗传分区和病媒能力项目摘要疟疾是一个严重的公共卫生问题，阻碍了东南亚大湄公河次区域国家的社会经济发展。该地区疟疾流行病学的巨大地理异质性与不同的媒介系统有关，这些媒介系统对寄生虫具有不同的媒介能力。作为疟疾控制策略的主要措施，驱虫蚊帐和室内喷雾已导致拟除虫菊酯抗性，并极大地重塑了蚊虫群落和种群结构。在海南岛中国，广泛使用杀虫剂控制疟疾，导致中国和东南亚的关键疟疾媒介--米氏按蚊的数量最初急剧减少，最近又出现反弹。杀虫剂驱动的媒介种群演替不仅重组了媒介群落，而且卷土重来的蚊子种群表现出了改变的叮咬偏好。基于这些观察结果，我们推测近期密集的疟疾媒介控制措施和农业病虫害防治措施可能导致了海南岛中国地区疟疾媒介生物显著的生态物种演替和种群遗传瓶颈。因此，这项FIRCA建议旨在利用海南岛的地理隔离优势，阐明一种主要疟疾媒介的进化，以应对杀虫剂控制。我们将确定不同生态型的An。丘陵地区和平原地区的微小按蚊对恶性疟原虫感染具有不同的媒介能力。这项研究将为东南亚其他疟疾流行地区以杀虫剂为基础的蚊子控制措施的蚊子进化预测提供宝贵的信息。拟议的研究将通过培训来自流行国家的一名博士生和一名博士后研究员，为建设研究能力做出贡献。该项目将主要在重庆师范大学的中国与陈斌博士合作进行，作为美国国立卫生研究院U19AI089672号拨款的延伸。 公共卫生相关性：本应用侧重于中国南部海南岛密集的以杀虫剂为基础的疟疾控制措施导致的一个主要疟疾媒介物种的进化机制。这项研究获得的知识将有助于预测广泛使用杀虫剂的地区媒介种群的演变，并有助于提高媒介生物控制计划的有效性。此外，这项研究将有助于加强重庆师范大学疟疾研究的国际合作和研究能力建设。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malaria Vector Population Genetic Division and Vector Competence in Hainan Island Project Summary Malaria is a significant public health problem and impediment to socioeconomic development in countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion of Southeast Asia. The tremendous geographical heterogeneity of malaria epidemiology in this region is associated with diverse vector systems with different vectorial capacities for the parasites. As the major measures of malaria control strategies, insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor sprays have resulted in pyrethroid resistance, and greatly reshaped the mosquito community and population structures. In Hainan Island of China, extensive use of insecticides for malaria control has led to an initially sharp decrease and recently rebound of Anopheles miminus, the key malaria vector in China and Southeast Asia. Not only has the insecticide-driven vector population succession restructured the vector community, but also the resurged mosquito population displayed altered biting preference. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that recent intensive malaria vector control measures and agricultural pest control measures have caused a significant ecological species succession and population genetic bottleneck of malaria vectors in Hainan Island, China. Therefore, this FIRCA proposal aims to take the advantage of geographical isolation of Hainan Island to elucidate the evolution of a major malaria vector in response to insecticide control. We will determine whether the different ecotypes of An. minimus from hilly and plain areas have different vectorial competence to Plasmodium falciparum infections. This study will provide invaluable information for the prediction of mosquito evolution in response to insecticides-based mosquito control measures in other malaria-endemic regions of Southeast Asia. The proposed research will contribute to building research capacity by training one Ph.D. student and one postdoc fellow from the endemic country. This project will be carried out primarily in China at Chongqing Normal University in collaboration with Dr. Bin Chen, as an extension of NIH grant U19 AI089672. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This application focuses on the mechanism of evolution of a major malaria vector species as a result of intensive insecticides-based malaria control measures in Hainan Island, southern China. Knowledge obtained from this study will help predict evolution of vector population in areas with extensive insecticide use, and help improve the effectiveness of vector control programs. Further, this research will contribute to strengthening international collaborations and building research capacity in malaria research in Chongqing Normal University.