Malaria Vector Population Genetic Division and Vector Competence in Hainan Island

描述（由申请人提供）：海南岛疟疾病媒种群遗传分化和病媒能力项目概述疟疾是东南亚大湄公河次区域国家的重大公共卫生问题和社会经济发展的障碍。该地区疟疾流行病学的巨大地理异质性与不同的媒介系统具有不同的寄生虫媒介能力有关。作为疟疾防治策略的主要措施，驱虫蚊帐和室内喷雾导致了拟除虫菊酯的抗药性，并极大地重塑了蚊子群落和种群结构。在中国海南岛，广泛使用杀虫剂控制疟疾已导致中国和东南亚主要疟疾媒介微小按蚊（Anopheles miminus）最初急剧减少，最近又出现反弹。媒介种群的演替不仅改变了媒介群落结构，而且重新复活的蚊子种群表现出改变的叮咬偏好。基于这些观察，我们假设，最近密集的疟疾媒介控制措施和农业害虫控制措施，已造成了显着的生态物种演替和种群遗传瓶颈的疟疾媒介在海南岛，中国。因此，本FIRCA提案旨在利用海南岛地理隔离的优势，阐明一种主要疟疾媒介对杀虫剂控制的反应。我们将确定是否不同的生态型的一个。丘陵区和平原区的微小按蚊对恶性疟原虫感染的媒介能力不同。这项研究将提供宝贵的信息，预测蚊子的演变，以应对在东南亚其他疟疾流行地区的蚊子控制措施。拟议的研究将通过培养一名博士生来促进研究能力的建设。学生和一名来自流行国家的博士后研究员。该项目将主要在中国重庆师范大学与陈斌博士合作开展，作为NIH资助U19 AI089672的延伸。 公共卫生相关性：这项应用的重点是在中国南方海南岛采取密集的以杀虫剂为基础的疟疾控制措施后，一种主要疟疾病媒物种的演变机制。从这项研究中获得的知识将有助于预测广泛使用杀虫剂的地区病媒种群的演变，并有助于提高病媒控制方案的有效性。此外，本研究将有助于加强重庆师范大学疟疾研究的国际合作和研究能力建设。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Malaria Vector Population Genetic Division and Vector Competence in Hainan Island Project Summary Malaria is a significant public health problem and impediment to socioeconomic development in countries of the Greater Mekong Subregion of Southeast Asia. The tremendous geographical heterogeneity of malaria epidemiology in this region is associated with diverse vector systems with different vectorial capacities for the parasites. As the major measures of malaria control strategies, insecticide-treated bed nets and indoor sprays have resulted in pyrethroid resistance, and greatly reshaped the mosquito community and population structures. In Hainan Island of China, extensive use of insecticides for malaria control has led to an initially sharp decrease and recently rebound of Anopheles miminus, the key malaria vector in China and Southeast Asia. Not only has the insecticide-driven vector population succession restructured the vector community, but also the resurged mosquito population displayed altered biting preference. Based on these observations, we hypothesize that recent intensive malaria vector control measures and agricultural pest control measures have caused a significant ecological species succession and population genetic bottleneck of malaria vectors in Hainan Island, China. Therefore, this FIRCA proposal aims to take the advantage of geographical isolation of Hainan Island to elucidate the evolution of a major malaria vector in response to insecticide control. We will determine whether the different ecotypes of An. minimus from hilly and plain areas have different vectorial competence to Plasmodium falciparum infections. This study will provide invaluable information for the prediction of mosquito evolution in response to insecticides-based mosquito control measures in other malaria-endemic regions of Southeast Asia. The proposed research will contribute to building research capacity by training one Ph.D. student and one postdoc fellow from the endemic country. This project will be carried out primarily in China at Chongqing Normal University in collaboration with Dr. Bin Chen, as an extension of NIH grant U19 AI089672. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This application focuses on the mechanism of evolution of a major malaria vector species as a result of intensive insecticides-based malaria control measures in Hainan Island, southern China. Knowledge obtained from this study will help predict evolution of vector population in areas with extensive insecticide use, and help improve the effectiveness of vector control programs. Further, this research will contribute to strengthening international collaborations and building research capacity in malaria research in Chongqing Normal University.