Evidence based control strategies of Sleeping Sickness vectors

昏睡病媒介的循证控制策略

• 批准号: 8284344
• 负责人: Serap AKSOY
• 金额: $ 5.6万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8284344
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Adverse effects; Affect; Africa; Africa South of the Sahara; African; African Trypanosomiasis; Animal Diseases; Animals; Area; Award; Bacteria; Blood Circulation; Breeding; Cattle; Chronic; Clinic; Collaborations; Collection; Consumption; Country; Data; Deposition; Detection; Diagnosis; Diagnostic; Disease; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Vectors; Domestic Animals; Epidemic; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Equilibrium; Exclusion; Family suidae; Farming environment; Flare; Frequencies; Fright; Future; Generations; Genes; Genetic; Genetic Drift; Genomics; Genotype; Geographic Locations; Goals; Grant; Head; Health; Human; Human Bites; Immigrant; Immigration; Individual; Infection; Inherited; Insecta; International; Investigation; Kenya; Knowledge; Laboratories; Livestock; Location; Maps; Meat; Mediating; Methodology; Methods; Mitochondrial DNA; Modeling; Molecular; Monitor; Movement; National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease; Nature; Outcome; Parasites; Parents; Patients; Pattern; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Play; Population; Population Biology; Population Control; Population Density; Population Genetics; Prevalence; Production; Province; Public Health; Recrudescences; Refractory; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Resistance; Risk; Role; Sampling; Seasons; Site; Source; Sterility; Structure; System; Target Populations; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Transgenic Organisms; Trypanosoma; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense; Trypanosomiasis; Tsetse Flies; Uganda; Vaccines; Wild Animals; Wolbachia; base; density; design; disorder control; disorder risk; epidemiological model; evidence base; experience; feeding; fly; forest; health record; high risk; human disease; improved; insight; invertebrate host; killings; model development; novel; nutrition; parent grant; population genetic structure; predictive modeling; preference; prevent; programs; reconstitution; research study; success; time use; tool; trafficking; transmission process; vector; vector control

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Fogarty International Research Collaboration award (FIRCA) proposal is on tsetse fly population genetics in order to support the ongoing Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) control activities in East Africa. The parent grant (NIAID R01Al068932, 01/01/2008 to 12/31/2012) addresses the molecular and ecological aspects of the two HAT disease belts (gambiense and rhodesiense) in Uganda with a focus on population and evolutionary genetics of tsetse flies and their parasites and endosymbionts. The co- investigator of this FIRCA, Dr. Johnson Ouma, is an experienced tsetse population geneticist who is now the head of tsetse genomic research and Deputy Director of the national Trypanosomiasis Research Center (TRC) in Kenya. Kenya is at risk of HAT outbreaks due to ongoing epidemics in neighboring Uganda and increased movement of people and cattle (known reservoirs for Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense). Earlier tsetse control efforts in the Lake Victoria basin and in the southern Rift Valley were unsustainable and these regions rapidly became repopulated. It is unknown if the extant G. pallidipes vector populations in Lambwe originated through reinvasion from neighboring populations, or through incomplete elimination of local populations that existed below thresholds of detection. Efforts are underway once again to eliminate G. pallidipes from Lambwe valley and surrounding areas. This application has three aims to: 1) estimate rates of gene flow and degrees of genetic differentiation among G. pallidipes populations around the Lake Victoria basin and in southern Rift Valley, 2) estimate local levels of temporal genetic differentiation and dynamics of G. pallidipes populations from the Lambwe and Nguruman valleys and 3) understand the circulating trypanosome parasite diversity isolated from flies/humans and known reservoir animals in the Lambwe valley. Results will help understand the breeding pattern of G. pallidipes populations in East Africa, and thus identify populations that can serve as potential sources of immigrants into Nguruman and Lambwe. This knowledge is important to the ongoing and planned tsetse control programs and can help develop methods for inclusion or exclusion of adjacent populations to the target population during vector suppression efforts. Knowledge on parasite strains in circulation will also help better understand disease risk and epidemiology.

描述（由申请人提供）：这项福格蒂国际研究合作奖 (FIRCA) 提案涉及采采蝇种群遗传学，以支持东非正在进行的人类非洲锥虫病 (HAT) 控制活动。母基金（NIAID R01Al068932，2008年1月1日至2012年12月31日）解决了乌干达两个HAT疾病带（冈比亚和罗得西亚）的分子和生态方面的问题，重点是采采蝇及其寄生虫和内共生体的种群和进化遗传学。本次 FIRCA 的共同研究员 Johnson Ouma 博士是一位经验丰富的采采蝇种群遗传学家，现任采采蝇基因组研究负责人兼肯尼亚国家锥虫病研究中心 (TRC) 副主任。由于邻国乌干达的持续流行以及人和牛的流动增加（已知布氏锥虫罗得西亚的储存库），肯尼亚面临 HAT 爆发的风险。早期在维多利亚湖盆地和裂谷南部的采采蝇控制工作是不可持续的，这些地区很快就重新繁衍生息。目前尚不清楚兰布韦现存的苍白球菌病媒种群是否源自邻近种群的重新入侵，或者是由于未完全消除存在于检测阈值以下的当地种群。目前正在再次努力消除兰布韦山谷及周边地区的苍白蝽。该应用程序有三个目的：1) 估计维多利亚湖盆地周围和裂谷南部的 G. pallidipes 种群的基因流速率和遗传分化程度，2) 估计 Lambwe 和 Nguruman 山谷的 G. pallidipes 种群的时间遗传分化和动态的局部水平，以及 3) 了解从苍蝇/人类中分离出的循环锥虫寄生虫多样性 以及兰布韦山谷已知的储存动物。结果将有助于了解东非 G. pallidipes 种群的繁殖模式，从而确定可以作为恩古鲁曼和兰布韦潜在移民来源的种群。这些知识对于正在进行和计划中的采采蝇控制计划非常重要，并且可以帮助开发在病媒抑制工作期间将邻近种群纳入或排除到目标种群的方法。有关循环中寄生虫菌株的知识也将有助于更好地了解疾病风险和流行病学。