Reach, Grasp, and Manipulation

触及、抓握和操纵

• 批准号: 8343485
• 负责人: MARC H SCHIEBER
• 金额: $ 35.34万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-05-15 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8343485
• 关键词: Affect; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anterior; Area; Behavior; Brain; Cerebral Palsy; Cerebral cortex; Data; Digit structure; Distal; Dorsal; Elbow; Fingers; Goals; Hand; Hand functions; Individual; Investigation; Lead; Location; Mediating; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Multiple Sclerosis; Mus; Neurons; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Process; Prosthesis; Recovery of Function; Rehabilitation therapy; Shoulder; Spinal cord injury; Staging; Stream; Stroke; Testing; Upper Extremity; Wrist; arm; grasp; improved; kinematics; microstimulation; mind control; nervous system disorder; neurophysiology; relating to nervous system; research study

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of the present project is to understand the cortical control of voluntary movements used to reach out, grasp and manipulate. These movements typically are considered as distinct processes, controlled from proximal versus distal sub-regions of the upper extremity representation in the primary motor cortex, and influenced via distinct inputs from dorsal versus ventral areas of the premotor cortex, respectively. Here we propose to investigate the neurophysiological activity underlying the seamless integration of reaching, grasping, and manipulation into a single coordinated motor act. Specifically, the present proposal aims to: 1) determine whether single neurons and other neurophysiological activity in the primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex and ventral premotor cortex are modulated in relation to reaching, to grasping, or to both; 2) determine how and where manipulative actions of the arm and hand are represented in the primary motor and premotor cortex; and 3) to determine how the grip forces and the load forces used in manipulation are represented and controlled. Improved understanding of these processes will lead to improved rehabilitation for functional recovery and to improved neuro-prosthetic devices for patients affected by numerous neurological diseases including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain or spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The long-term goal of the present project is to understand how the brain controls movements of the arm and hand used to reach out, grasp and manipulate objects. The present experiments will examine how neurophysiological activity in motor areas of the cerebral cortex integrates the seamless control of the multiple stages of reaching, grasping and manipulation. Improved understanding of these processes will lead to improved rehabilitation to functional recovery and improved neuro-prosthetic devices for patients affected by numerous neurological diseases including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain or spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy.

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的长期目标是了解用于伸出，掌握和操纵的自愿运动的皮质控制。这些运动通常被认为是不同的过程，由一级运动皮层中上肢表示的近端和远端子区域控制，并且分别受到前侧面皮层的背侧和腹侧区域的不同输入而影响。在这里，我们建议研究无缝整合，抓握和操纵与单个协调运动行为的无缝整合的基础神经生理活性。具体而言，本提案的目的是：1）确定原发性运动皮层，背部前皮层和腹侧前马皮的单个神经元和其他神经生理活性是否相对于达到，掌握或两者都调节； 2）确定在主电机和前马皮中表示手臂和手的操纵作用； 3）确定如何代表和控制用于操纵中的握力和负载力。对这些过程的了解的提高将改善康复，以改善受功能恢复的康复，并改善受多种神经系统疾病（包括中风，肌萎缩性侧面硬化症，多发性硬化症，创伤性脑部或脊髓损伤或脊髓损伤和脑瘫痪）的患者的神经假体设备。 公共卫生相关性：本项目的长期目标是了解大脑如何控制手臂的运动，并用来伸出，掌握和操纵物体。本实验将研究大脑皮层运动区域中的神经生理活性如何整合对触及，抓握和操纵的多个阶段的无缝控制。对这些过程的理解的提高将改善受到功能恢复的康复，并为受到多种神经系统疾病（包括中风，肌萎缩性侧面硬化症，多发性硬化症，创伤性脑部或脊髓索或脊髓索或脊髓损伤和脑瘫痪）的患者改善神经固化装置。