Reach, Grasp, and Manipulation

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的长期目标是了解用于伸出，抓握和操纵的随意运动的皮质控制。这些运动通常被认为是不同的过程，由初级运动皮层中上肢表征的近端与远端子区域控制，并分别通过运动前皮层的背侧与腹侧区域的不同输入来影响。在这里，我们建议调查的神经生理活动的无缝整合达到，把握，和操纵成一个单一的协调运动行为。具体而言，本发明的目的在于：1）确定初级运动皮层、背侧运动前皮层和腹侧运动前皮层中的单个神经元和其他神经生理活动是否与达到、抓握或两者相关地被调制; 2）确定手臂和手的操纵动作在初级运动皮层和运动前皮层中如何以及在何处被表示;以及3）确定如何表示和控制在操纵中使用的抓握力和负载力。对这些过程的进一步理解将导致改善功能恢复的康复，并改善受多种神经系统疾病影响的患者的神经假体装置，包括中风，肌萎缩性侧索硬化症，多发性硬化症，创伤性脑或脊髓损伤和脑瘫。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of the present project is to understand the cortical control of voluntary movements used to reach out, grasp and manipulate. These movements typically are considered as distinct processes, controlled from proximal versus distal sub-regions of the upper extremity representation in the primary motor cortex, and influenced via distinct inputs from dorsal versus ventral areas of the premotor cortex, respectively. Here we propose to investigate the neurophysiological activity underlying the seamless integration of reaching, grasping, and manipulation into a single coordinated motor act. Specifically, the present proposal aims to: 1) determine whether single neurons and other neurophysiological activity in the primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex and ventral premotor cortex are modulated in relation to reaching, to grasping, or to both; 2) determine how and where manipulative actions of the arm and hand are represented in the primary motor and premotor cortex; and 3) to determine how the grip forces and the load forces used in manipulation are represented and controlled. Improved understanding of these processes will lead to improved rehabilitation for functional recovery and to improved neuro-prosthetic devices for patients affected by numerous neurological diseases including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain or spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy.