Reach, Grasp, and Manipulation

描述(由申请人提供)：本项目的长期目标是了解用于伸展、抓住和操纵的自愿运动的大脑皮层控制。这些运动通常被认为是不同的过程，分别受初级运动皮质上肢表征的近侧和远侧亚区控制，并分别受到运动前皮质背侧和腹侧区域的不同输入的影响。在这里，我们建议研究将伸手、抓取和操纵无缝地整合到一个协调的运动动作中的神经生理活动。具体地说，本提案旨在：1)确定初级运动皮质、背侧运动前皮质和腹侧前运动皮质中的单个神经元和其他神经生理活动是否与伸展、握持或两者都有关；2)确定手臂和手的操纵动作在初级运动和前运动皮质中如何以及在哪里表现；以及3)确定手法中使用的握力和负载力是如何表现和控制的。提高对这些过程的了解将有助于改善功能恢复的康复，并为受多种神经疾病影响的患者改进神经假体装置，包括中风、肌萎缩侧索硬化症、多发性硬化症、创伤性脑或脊髓损伤和脑瘫。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of the present project is to understand the cortical control of voluntary movements used to reach out, grasp and manipulate. These movements typically are considered as distinct processes, controlled from proximal versus distal sub-regions of the upper extremity representation in the primary motor cortex, and influenced via distinct inputs from dorsal versus ventral areas of the premotor cortex, respectively. Here we propose to investigate the neurophysiological activity underlying the seamless integration of reaching, grasping, and manipulation into a single coordinated motor act. Specifically, the present proposal aims to: 1) determine whether single neurons and other neurophysiological activity in the primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex and ventral premotor cortex are modulated in relation to reaching, to grasping, or to both; 2) determine how and where manipulative actions of the arm and hand are represented in the primary motor and premotor cortex; and 3) to determine how the grip forces and the load forces used in manipulation are represented and controlled. Improved understanding of these processes will lead to improved rehabilitation for functional recovery and to improved neuro-prosthetic devices for patients affected by numerous neurological diseases including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain or spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy.