Reach, Grasp, and Manipulation

描述（由申请人提供）：本项目的长期目标是了解用于伸手、抓握和操纵的自主运动的皮层控制。这些运动通常被认为是不同的过程，分别由初级运动皮层上肢表征的近端和远端亚区域控制，并分别通过运动前皮层的背侧和腹侧区域的不同输入来影响。在这里，我们建议研究将伸手、抓握和操纵无缝整合为单一协调运动行为的神经生理活动。具体来说，本研究旨在：1)确定初级运动皮层、背侧运动前皮层和腹侧运动前皮层中的单个神经元和其他神经生理活动是否与伸手、抓握或两者相关；2)确定手臂和手的操作动作在初级运动和前运动皮层中的表现方式和位置；3)确定在操作中使用的握力和负载力是如何表示和控制的。提高对这些过程的理解将有助于改善功能恢复的康复，并为中风、肌萎缩性侧索硬化症、多发性硬化症、创伤性脑或脊髓损伤以及脑瘫等多种神经系统疾病患者改善神经修复装置。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goal of the present project is to understand the cortical control of voluntary movements used to reach out, grasp and manipulate. These movements typically are considered as distinct processes, controlled from proximal versus distal sub-regions of the upper extremity representation in the primary motor cortex, and influenced via distinct inputs from dorsal versus ventral areas of the premotor cortex, respectively. Here we propose to investigate the neurophysiological activity underlying the seamless integration of reaching, grasping, and manipulation into a single coordinated motor act. Specifically, the present proposal aims to: 1) determine whether single neurons and other neurophysiological activity in the primary motor cortex, dorsal premotor cortex and ventral premotor cortex are modulated in relation to reaching, to grasping, or to both; 2) determine how and where manipulative actions of the arm and hand are represented in the primary motor and premotor cortex; and 3) to determine how the grip forces and the load forces used in manipulation are represented and controlled. Improved understanding of these processes will lead to improved rehabilitation for functional recovery and to improved neuro-prosthetic devices for patients affected by numerous neurological diseases including stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain or spinal cord injury, and cerebral palsy.