Hemispheric Specialization and Communication

半球专业化和沟通

• 批准号: 8290300
• 负责人: WILLIAM D HOPKINS
• 金额: $ 37.37万
• 依托单位: GEORGIA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-06-01 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8290300
• 关键词: Area; Attention; Auditory area; Autistic Disorder; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain region; Broca' s area; Brodmann' s area; Cerebral Dominance; Child; Cognition; Communication; Cues; Data; Development; Foundations; Functional Imaging; Gene Expression; Gene Proteins; Golgi Apparatus; Image; Individual Differences; Inferior frontal gyrus; Left; Location; MRI Scans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Masks; Measures; Methods; Morphology; Motor; Neurobiology; Neurodevelopmental Disorder; Neurons; Neuropil; Outcome; Pan Genus; Performance; Pongidae; Population; Positron-Emission Tomography; Precentral gyrus; Primates; Role; Staining method; Stains; System; Testing; Tissues; Variant; Weight; Wernicke Area; Western Blotting; area striata; base; brain tissue; density; gray matter; hippocampal pyramidal neuron; interest; joint attention; neurotransmission; protein expression; relating to nervous system; skills; synaptic function

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objectives of this proposal are to understand the neurobiological basis of individual differences in socio-communicative behavior and cognition in primates, joint attention. One aim of the proposed studies is to PET image chimpanzees while engaged or not engaged in a joint attention task. From the PET images, we will test whether Broca's and Wernicke's areas are joint attention by comparing standardized PET values in cytoarchitectonically derived regions of interest. Furthermore, a whole brain t-map of significantly active brain regions will be derived from the PET analysis to more fully capture the neural systems involved in joint attention. From this PET analysis, we will create objects or masks of the significantly active clusters and these will then be used as regions-of-interest to quantify grey matter proportions from individually segmented MRI scans in more than 100 chimpanzees. The grey matter proportions will be computed and regressed on performance measures for test of joint attention available in these apes to determine, which if any, grey matter proportions predict individual differences in join attention. A second focus of the proposed studies seeks to determine whether the morphology of supragranular pyramidal neurons differ between hemispheres and cortical areas including the inferior frontal gyrus (BA44, BA45), planum temporale (BA22), precentral gyrus (BA4), Heschl's gyrus (BA41/42), and striate cortex (BA17) in chimpanzees. For these studies, we will Golgi stain post-mortem brain tissue and quantify both neuropil space and dendritic arborization for each region of interest in the left and right hemisphere. In one set of analyses, we will test whether chimpanzees show population-level asymmetries by comparing the left and right hemisphere values for each region. In addition, because we have existing data on joint attention in many of the chimpanzees for which post-mortem data are or will be available, we will assess whether individual differences in joint attention are associated with volumetric or lateralized differences in neuropil space or dendritic arborization. Finally, gene and protein expression levels for molecules that are involved in synapse function and neurotransmission within BA44, BA45, BA22, BA4, BA41/42 and BA17 will also be quantified in the chimpanzee post-mortem tissue. For each region-of-interest, we will use stereologic methods to compute volume, neuron counts, and neuron density. After determining the location of each cortical area based on architectonics, adjacent tissue sections will be selected for use in Western blot and qRT-PCR analyses to examine regional and hemispheric variation in the expression of proteins and genes that are important for neuronal function. Consistent with the overarching theme of this proposal, we will test whether chimpanzees show population-level asymmetries and whether individual differences in joint attention are associated with volumetric or lateralized differences in gene and protein expression levels.

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案的长期目标是了解灵长类动物的社会交流行为和认知的个体差异的神经生物学基础，共同关注。拟议研究的目的是在参与或不从事联合注意任务时宠物形象黑猩猩。从PET图像中，我们将通过比较感兴趣的细胞结构派生区域中的标准化PET值来测试Broca和Wernicke的区域是否引起了关注。此外，将从PET分析中得出明显活跃的大脑区域的整个大脑T图，以更完全捕获参与关注的神经系统。通过此PET分析，我们将创建显着活跃簇的对象或掩模，然后将其用作利益区域，以量化来自100多种黑猩猩的单独分段MRI扫描的灰质比例。灰质比例将根据绩效指标进行计算和回归，以测试这些猿类可用的联合注意力以确定，如果有的话，灰质的比例可以预测连接注意力的个体差异。 A second focus of the proposed studies seeks to determine whether the morphology of supragranular pyramidal neurons differ between hemispheres and cortical areas including the inferior frontal gyrus (BA44, BA45), planum temporale (BA22), precentral gyrus (BA4), Heschl's gyrus (BA41/42), and striate cortex (BA17) in黑猩猩。在这些研究中，我们将对左右半球的每个感兴趣区域染色后脑组织染色并量化神经皮质空间和树突状树皮化。在一组分析中，我们将通过比较每个区域的左半球值来测试黑猩猩是否显示种群级别的不对称。此外，由于我们在验尸数据中或将有可用的许多黑猩猩中都有有关联合注意的现有数据，因此我们将评估共同注意的个体差异是否与Neuropil空间中的体积或侧向差异有关。最后，在BA44，BA45，BA22，BA4，BA41/42和BA17内参与突触功能和神经传递的分子的基因和蛋白质表达水平也将在黑猩猩邮政邮政组织中进行量化。对于每个利益区域，我们将使用立体方法来计算体积，神经元计数和神经元密度。在确定每个皮质区域的位置基于建筑学的位置之后，将选择相邻的组织切片用于蛋白质印迹和QRT-PCR分析，以检查蛋白质和基因表达的区域和半球变化，这些蛋白质和基因对神经元功能很重要。与该提案的总体主题一致，我们将测试黑猩猩是否显示人口级别的不对称性以及共同注意的个体差异是否与基因和蛋白质表达水平的体积或侧向差异有关。