Mainstream Smoke Composition and Toxin Exposure from Prototypical Cigar Products

描述（由申请人提供）：虽然家庭吸烟正在减少，但小雪茄的吸烟量增加了三倍，预计还会进一步增加，因为雪茄不受《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》的限制。任何烟草消费对社会和个人健康的影响都与产品的特性以及产品的使用方式密切相关。尽管有证据表明雪茄烟雾会释放尼古丁（成瘾成分）和60多种致癌物质，但目前还没有系统的研究来考虑各种雪茄产品的毒素释放和吸烟行为。本提案通过将香烟与三种原型雪茄产品（PCP）（即，小雪茄、小雪茄和传统雪茄），通过在临床研究中检查吸烟的行为方面以及主流烟雾的化学和颗粒分布。在临床研究中，吸烟和雪茄的受试者将根据其常用的雪茄产品被分配到三个实验组（小雪茄，小雪茄，传统雪茄）之一-25名受试者/组。当他们吸雪茄（一次访视）和他们自己品牌的香烟（另一次访视）时，将同时收集抽吸地形图和吸入测量值。流行的观点认为雪茄烟只是喷出，而不是吸入，对于小雪茄和小雪茄来说可能不是真的，可能取决于参与者的吸烟史。将从受试者中获得急性（尼古丁和CO升高）和慢性暴露（可替宁和3-OH-可替宁NNAL、1-HOP）的化学指标。将记录雪茄和香烟抽吸的抽吸特征，并用于在化学实验室研究中驱动PCP和香烟的机器抽吸。机器吸烟产生的主流烟雾将通过粒度（细和超细）、分布和气相有毒/致癌成分来表征。将对PCP的主流烟雾进行相同的分析，并将使用两种机器吸烟方案生成五种选定的卷烟（全味、淡味、超淡味、未过滤和薄荷醇）：一种是专门为雪茄设计的，另一种是历史上用于卷烟的。我们将比较香烟和PCP之间尼古丁和各种致癌物的传递，比较三种PCP之间的传递，并比较PCP和香烟之间的尼古丁和毒素暴露、抽吸和吸入。公共卫生相关性：这些创新研究结合了联合收割机人类吸食PCP及其主流烟雾的化学分析，提供了有关毒素传递、颗粒沉积以及与病理部位关系的信息，为雪茄吸食成瘾和健康风险的讨论以及雪茄产品的监管决策提供了信息。 公共卫生相关性：国内雪茄的使用正在增加，由于对卷烟而不是雪茄的新规定，预计会进一步增加;然而，人们对使用模式和像卷烟一样出现和消费的新雪茄产品的毒素释放知之甚少。拟议的研究将比较香烟和三种原型雪茄产品（即，一项临床研究将评估吸入和抽吸模式，以及直接和长期暴露的生物标志物，另一项实验室研究将确定雪茄产品和香烟主流烟雾中的颗粒大小[分布]和选定的毒素/致癌物。这些研究将是第一次对雪茄吸烟进行全面检查，将吸入和抽吸与主流烟雾化学以及负责成瘾和病理学的烟雾成分的传递相结合。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although domestic cigarette smoking is decreasing, there has been a threefold increase in small cigar smoking, and further increases are expected because cigars are not subject to the restrictions of the Family Smoking Prevention & Tobacco Control Act. The societal and personal health consequences of any tobacco consumption are intimately related to the characteristics of the product and how the product is used. Despite evidence suggesting that cigar smoke delivers nicotine (the addictive component) and more than 60 carcinogens, there are no systematic studies that consider both toxin delivery and the smoking behavior of various cigar products. The present proposal answers this deficiency by comparing cigarettes to three prototypical cigar products (PCP) (i.e., cigarillo, small cigar and conventional cigar) by examining behavioral aspects of smoking in a clinical study and the chemistry and particle distribution of mainstream smoke. In the clinical study, participants who smoke both cigarettes and cigars will be assigned to one of three experimental groups (cigarillo, small cigar, conventional cigar), based on their usual cigar product-25 participants/group. Puff topography and inhalation measures will be collected simultaneously while they smoke the cigar (at one visit) and their own brand cigarette (other visit). The prevailing view that cigar smoke is puffed only-not inhaled-may not be true for cigarillos and small cigars and may depend on the participant's smoking history. Chemical measures of acute (nicotine and CO boost) and chronic exposure (cotinine and 3-OH-cotinine NNAL, 1-HOP) will be obtained from the participants. The puffing profiles from the cigar and cigarette smoking will be recorded and used to drive the machine smoking of the PCPs and cigarettes in the chemical laboratory study. The mainstream smoke generated by machine smoking will be characterized by particle size (fine and ultrafine), distribution and gas-phase toxic/carcinogenic components. Identical analyses will be used on mainstream smoke from PCPs and five selected cigarettes (full flavor, light, ultra light, unfiltered and menthol) will be generated using two machine smoking protocols: one designed especially for cigars, and the other historically used for cigarettes. We will compare the delivery of nicotine and various carcinogens between cigarettes and PCPs, compare delivery between the three PCPs and compare nicotine and toxin exposure, puffing, and inhalation between the PCPs and cigarettes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Data from these innovative studies that combine human smoking of PCPs and chemical analysis of their mainstream smoke provide information on toxin delivery, deposition of particles and the relation to locus of pathology informing the discussion of addictive and health risks of cigar smoking and regulatory decisions of cigar products. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Domestic cigar use is increasing and further increases are expected as a result of new regulations on cigarettes but not cigars; however, little is known about the patterns of use and the toxin delivery from newer cigar products that appear and are consumed like cigarettes. The proposed study will compare toxin delivery from cigarettes and three prototypical cigar products (i.e., cigarillo, small cigar, conventional cigar) in a clinical study that will assess inhalation and puffing patterns, and biomarkers of immediate and long term exposure, and laboratory studies that will determine particle size [distribution] and selected toxins/carcinogens in the mainstream smoke of the cigar products and cigarettes. These studies will be the first comprehensive examination of cigar smoking that integrates inhalation and puffing with mainstream smoke chemistry and the delivery of smoke constituents responsible for addiction and pathology.