Mainstream Smoke Composition and Toxin Exposure from Prototypical Cigar Products

典型雪茄产品的主流烟雾成分和毒素暴露

• 批准号: 8237229
• 负责人: Wallace Bruce Pickworth
• 金额: $ 70.56万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE CENTERS/PUB HLTH RES & EVALUATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-10 至 2015-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8237229
• 关键词: Acute; African American; Area; Behavioral; Breathing; Candy; Carbon Monoxide; Carcinogens; Characteristics; Chemicals; Chemistry; Chronic; Cigar; Cigar Smoking; Cigarette; Clinical; Clinical Research; Consumption; Cotinine; Data; Deposition; Devices; Exhalation; Family; Flavoring; Fruit; Gases; Health; Human; Human Volunteers; Individual; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Study; Light; Mainstreaming; Marketing; Mastication; Measures; Menthol; Methods; Minority; Nicotine; Oral cavity; Participant; Particle Size; Pathology; Pattern; Phase; Physiological; Plasma; Policies; Population; Procedures; Protocols documentation; Regimen; Regulation; Research; Risk; Science; Smoke; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking History; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Toxin; Ultrafine; United States Food and Drug Administration; Variant; Visit; Youth; addiction; base; cigarette smoking; design; indexing; innovation; particle; smoke inhalation; tobacco control; urinary

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Although domestic cigarette smoking is decreasing, there has been a threefold increase in small cigar smoking, and further increases are expected because cigars are not subject to the restrictions of the Family Smoking Prevention & Tobacco Control Act. The societal and personal health consequences of any tobacco consumption are intimately related to the characteristics of the product and how the product is used. Despite evidence suggesting that cigar smoke delivers nicotine (the addictive component) and more than 60 carcinogens, there are no systematic studies that consider both toxin delivery and the smoking behavior of various cigar products. The present proposal answers this deficiency by comparing cigarettes to three prototypical cigar products (PCP) (i.e., cigarillo, small cigar and conventional cigar) by examining behavioral aspects of smoking in a clinical study and the chemistry and particle distribution of mainstream smoke. In the clinical study, participants who smoke both cigarettes and cigars will be assigned to one of three experimental groups (cigarillo, small cigar, conventional cigar), based on their usual cigar product-25 participants/group. Puff topography and inhalation measures will be collected simultaneously while they smoke the cigar (at one visit) and their own brand cigarette (other visit). The prevailing view that cigar smoke is puffed only-not inhaled-may not be true for cigarillos and small cigars and may depend on the participant's smoking history. Chemical measures of acute (nicotine and CO boost) and chronic exposure (cotinine and 3-OH-cotinine NNAL, 1-HOP) will be obtained from the participants. The puffing profiles from the cigar and cigarette smoking will be recorded and used to drive the machine smoking of the PCPs and cigarettes in the chemical laboratory study. The mainstream smoke generated by machine smoking will be characterized by particle size (fine and ultrafine), distribution and gas-phase toxic/carcinogenic components. Identical analyses will be used on mainstream smoke from PCPs and five selected cigarettes (full flavor, light, ultra light, unfiltered and menthol) will be generated using two machine smoking protocols: one designed especially for cigars, and the other historically used for cigarettes. We will compare the delivery of nicotine and various carcinogens between cigarettes and PCPs, compare delivery between the three PCPs and compare nicotine and toxin exposure, puffing, and inhalation between the PCPs and cigarettes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Data from these innovative studies that combine human smoking of PCPs and chemical analysis of their mainstream smoke provide information on toxin delivery, deposition of particles and the relation to locus of pathology informing the discussion of addictive and health risks of cigar smoking and regulatory decisions of cigar products. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Domestic cigar use is increasing and further increases are expected as a result of new regulations on cigarettes but not cigars; however, little is known about the patterns of use and the toxin delivery from newer cigar products that appear and are consumed like cigarettes. The proposed study will compare toxin delivery from cigarettes and three prototypical cigar products (i.e., cigarillo, small cigar, conventional cigar) in a clinical study that will assess inhalation and puffing patterns, and biomarkers of immediate and long term exposure, and laboratory studies that will determine particle size [distribution] and selected toxins/carcinogens in the mainstream smoke of the cigar products and cigarettes. These studies will be the first comprehensive examination of cigar smoking that integrates inhalation and puffing with mainstream smoke chemistry and the delivery of smoke constituents responsible for addiction and pathology.

描述（申请人提供）：虽然家庭吸烟量正在减少，但吸小雪茄的数量却增加了三倍，并且预计还会进一步增加，因为雪茄不受《家庭吸烟预防和烟草控制法》的限制。任何烟草消费对社会和个人健康的影响都与产品的特性以及产品的使用方式密切相关。尽管有证据表明雪茄烟雾会释放尼古丁（成瘾成分）和 60 多种致癌物质，但目前还没有系统研究同时考虑毒素传递和各种雪茄产品的吸烟行为。本提案通过在临床研究中检查吸烟的行为方面以及主流烟雾的化学和颗粒分布，将香烟与三种原型雪茄产品（PCP）（即小雪茄、小雪茄和传统雪茄）进行比较，从而回答了这一缺陷。在临床研究中，同时吸香烟和雪茄的参与者将根据他们常用的雪茄产品被分配到三个实验组之一（小雪茄、小雪茄、传统雪茄）——每组 25 名参与者。当他们吸雪茄（一次访问）和他们自己的品牌香烟（另一次访问）时，将同时收集抽吸形态和吸入测量数据。人们普遍认为雪茄烟雾只是被抽出而不是被吸入，但对于小雪茄和小雪茄来说可能并不正确，并且可能取决于参与者的吸烟史。将从参与者处获得急性（尼古丁和 CO 增强）和慢性暴露（可替宁和 3-OH-可替宁 NNAL、1-HOP）的化学测量。雪茄和香烟的抽吸特征将被记录下来，并在化学实验室研究中用于驱动五氯苯酚和香烟的机器吸烟。机器吸烟产生的主流烟雾将通过颗粒大小（细和超细）、分布和气相有毒/致癌成分来表征。将对 PCP 的主流烟雾进行相同的分析，并使用两种机器吸烟协议生成五种选定的卷烟（全味、淡味、超淡味、未过滤嘴和薄荷醇）：一种是专门为雪茄设计的，另一种是历史上用于卷烟的。我们将比较香烟和 PCP 之间的尼古丁和各种致癌物的释放情况，比较三种 PCP 之间的释放情况，以及比较 PCP 和香烟之间的尼古丁和毒素暴露、抽吸和吸入情况。公共健康相关性：这些创新研究的数据结合了人类吸食五氯苯酚及其主流烟雾的化学分析，提供了有关毒素输送、颗粒沉积以及与病理学部位的关系的信息，为雪茄吸食成瘾和健康风险的讨论以及雪茄产品的监管决策提供了信息。 公共卫生相关性：国内雪茄的使用量正在增加，并且由于针对卷烟而非雪茄的新法规，预计雪茄的使用量还会进一步增加；然而，人们对像香烟一样出现和消费的新型雪茄产品的使用模式和毒素传递知之甚少。拟议的研究将在一项临床研究中比较香烟和三种典型雪茄产品（即小雪茄、小雪茄、传统雪茄）的毒素释放情况，该临床研究将评估吸入和抽吸模式以及立即和长期暴露的生物标志物，以及实验室研究将确定雪茄产品和香烟主流烟雾中的颗粒大小[分布]和选定的毒素/致癌物。这些研究将是对雪茄吸烟的首次全面检查，将吸入和抽吸与主流烟雾化学以及导致成瘾和病理的烟雾成分的传递结合起来。