Contribution of Inhalation for Human Smoke Exposure

吸入对人体烟雾暴露的贡献

• 批准号: 7313458
• 负责人: Wallace Bruce Pickworth
• 金额: $ 19.18万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE CENTERS/PUB HLTH RES & EVALUATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2009-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7313458
• 关键词: Abdomen; Abstinence; Address; Age; Alveolar; Behavior; Biological Markers; Brassicaceae; Breathing; Carbon Monoxide; Cessation of life; Characteristics; Chest; Cigarette; Condition; Cross-Over Studies; Data; Data Collection; Development; Dimensions; Disease; Dose; Equilibrium; Evaluation; Exhalation; Exposure to; Female; Flavoring; Goals; Health; Human; Individual; Laboratories; Link; Lung; Lung diseases; Measurement; Measures; Menthol; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Morphologic artifacts; Nicotine; Oral cavity; Pathology; Patient Self-Report; Pharmacodynamics; Plasma; Plethysmography; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research; Site; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Status; System; Tars; Technology; Tidal Volume; Time; Tissues; Tobacco; Tobacco smoke; Tobacco use; Toxic effect; addiction; base; cigarette smoking; cigarette smoking; improved; indexing; innovation; male; practical application; respiratory; response; tobacco abstinence; tobacco tar; uptake

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The health consequences of smoking are directly related to smoke exposure. Although toxicologically and pharmacologically relevant exposure to nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO) and other components of tobacco smoke occurs at lower bronchial and lung alveolar tissue, quantitative measures of smoke exposure are ordinarily indexed by puffing parameters - measures of mouth exposure. Mouth-level exposure is only weakly and variably correlated with systemic smoke exposure suggesting that inhalation measures may be better quantitative predictors of exposure. This proposal will compare puff topography parameters and inhalation parameters to determine which method better models human smoke exposure. Puff topography measures will be collected using the lab-based CReSS system, and inhalation measures will be collected concomitantly using a recently-developed respiratory monitoring system based on inductive plethysmography (LifeShirt). Changes in plasma nicotine and exhaled CO (boosts) will be used as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke. The specific research aims of the study are (1) to determine if a set of inhalation parameters is better at predicting nicotine and CO boosts compared to a set of puff parameters; (2) to determine changes in puff and inhalation parameters induced by tobacco abstinence and smoking an "ultra-light" highly ventilated cigarette (manipulations known to change puff parameters); and (3) to determine if changes in puff and inhalation parameters predict biomarkers of exposure (nicotine and CO boosts) in conditions of tobacco abstinence and when smoking a highly ventilated ("low-yield'). These aims will be addressed in a laboratory-based within subject cross-over study. Approximately 135 male and female established smokers, age 18 or over, who usually smoke a full flavored (tar = 16 mg) filtered cigarette will be recruited. Smoking status will be verified biochemically and by self-report. Subjects will participate in three counter-balanced laboratory sessions. In each session they will smoke a single cigarette through a puff topography mouthpiece while wearing the LifeShirt. In one session, they will smoke their own brand of cigarette; in another they will smoke their own brand after overnight abstinence; and in another session they will smoke an "ultra-light cigarette" (tar = 5 mg) that will be flavored similarly to their own brand (menthol or non menthol). The proposed research will serve as an initial step to evaluate the practical application of a new inductive plethysmography technology to model human smoke exposure. As such, this proposal represents a unique exploration of an additional dimension in measuring smoke exposure. This method has the potential to fundamentally change the measurement of smoke exposure from the mouth to the lungs, the site of relevant pharamcodynamic activity and manifestation of many pathological consequences. Although there is strong epidemiological data that links cigarette smoking to addiction and pathology, there is relatively little data that links exposure in an individual to the behavior of smoking or its pathological consequences (e.g. addiction, lung disease). Previous measures of exposure have relied upon puffing behavior which describes the entry of smoke into the mouth, however exposure relevant to pathology occurs in the lung. The present proposal is the first to parametrically compare puffing and inhalation methods in an effort develop better and more relevant methods to quantify smoke exposure.

描述（由申请人提供）：吸烟的健康后果与烟雾暴露直接相关。虽然尼古丁、一氧化碳（CO）和烟草烟雾其他成分的毒理学和毒理学相关暴露发生在下支气管和肺泡组织，但烟雾暴露的定量测量通常通过抽吸参数（口腔暴露的测量）进行索引。口腔水平的暴露与全身烟雾暴露仅弱相关，表明吸入措施可能是更好的暴露定量预测指标。该提案将比较喷烟形貌参数和吸入参数，以确定哪种方法更好地模拟人体烟雾暴露。将使用基于实验室的CReSS系统收集抽吸地形测量值，同时使用基于感应体积描记法（LifeShirt）的最新开发的呼吸监测系统收集吸入测量值。血浆尼古丁和呼出CO（增加）的变化将用作暴露于烟草烟雾的生物标志物。该研究的具体研究目的是（1）确定一组吸入参数是否比一组抽吸参数更好地预测尼古丁和CO的增加;（2）确定戒烟和吸"超轻"高度通风香烟引起的抽吸和吸入参数的变化（已知改变喷烟参数的操作）;和（3）确定喷烟和吸入参数的变化是否预测在烟草戒断条件下和当吸烟高度通风（"低产量"）时的暴露的生物标志物（尼古丁和CO增加）。这些目标将在一项基于实验室的受试者内交叉研究中得到解决。将招募约135名18岁或以上的男性和女性吸烟者，他们通常吸烟全味（焦油= 16 mg）过滤嘴香烟。吸烟状况将通过生物化学和自我报告进行验证。受试者将参加三次平衡实验室检查。在每个阶段，他们将在穿着LifeShirt的同时通过抽吸地形吹口吸一支烟。在一个阶段中，他们将抽自己品牌的香烟;在另一个阶段中，他们将在一夜戒烟后抽自己品牌的香烟;在另一个阶段中，他们将抽一种“超轻香烟”（焦油= 5毫克），其味道与自己品牌的香烟（薄荷醇或非薄荷醇）相似。拟议的研究将作为第一步，以评估一种新的感应体积描记技术的实际应用，以模拟人体烟雾暴露。因此，该建议代表了在测量烟雾暴露方面的额外维度的独特探索。该方法有可能从根本上改变从口腔到肺部的烟雾暴露测量、相关药效学活性的部位和许多病理后果的表现。虽然有强有力的流行病学数据将吸烟与成瘾和病理学联系起来，但将个体暴露于吸烟行为或其病理学后果（例如成瘾，肺病）联系起来的数据相对较少。以前的暴露测量依赖于描述烟雾进入口中的抽吸行为，然而与病理学相关的暴露发生在肺中。目前的建议是第一个参数比较吹气和吸入方法，努力发展更好的和更相关的方法来量化烟雾暴露。