Roll Your Own (RYO) Cigarettes: Prevalence, Smoking Behavior and Toxin Exposure

描述（由申请人提供）：在英国、新西兰、澳大利亚、加拿大和欧洲，Roll Your Own（RYO）卷烟的使用急剧增加，其中工厂制造（FM）卷烟的价格通过税收和限制性营销而增加。在英国，27%的吸烟者使用RYO香烟;美国的患病率约为6.7%。大多数RYO吸烟者选择这些香烟是因为它们比FM香烟便宜，然而，其他人使用RYO是因为它们被认为危害较小，提供更多的灵活性和内容控制，并且它们具有文化吸引力。尽管在其他国家广泛使用，国内使用的可能性增加，但对RYO香烟的吸烟者知之甚少，他们使用的RYO香烟的一致性，如何吸烟，使用时的毒素暴露以及当人们从FM香烟使用转向RYO使用时会发生什么。这些问题在拟议的研究申请中得到解决。RYO用户将被分类为混合RYO/FM，独家RYO或独家FM吸烟者。在实验室接受观察时，RYO吸烟者将准备20支香烟和他们通常使用的烟草和卷烟设备。这些香烟将被分析烟草含量，重量和整体产品的一致性。在另一项研究中，将在慢性烟草暴露的基线测量（即，NNAL和1- HOP，血浆可替宁）。将评估一氧化碳（CO）和尼古丁的急性暴露，以及抽吸地形和吸入模式的测量。受试者将在三种条件下在实验室吸烟：正常吸烟;经验证戒烟至少12小时后;实验前一小时内密集吸烟后。混合RYO/FM吸烟者将在相同条件下消费其常用FM品牌和RYO香烟时进行测试。这些实验室操作已知会导致FM香烟的“补偿”（吸烟行为的变化），但这些条件尚未用RYO香烟进行测试。为了确定转换为RYO使用的暴露后果的变化，将使用交叉研究，其中仅FM吸烟者（基线评估后）将吸烟RYO香烟15天。总体而言，这些研究将提供对RYO吸烟者使用特征的当前评估，并提供有关RYO使用的健康和风险后果的重要信息。这一信息对目前正在考虑使用RYO的RYO吸烟者和FM吸烟者很重要。这些数据还将为RYO卷烟的广告限制、营销和税收以及RYO对FM卷烟的相对危害性提供相关政策信息。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将是第一个系统的人类实验室评估RYO卷烟。该研究将回答有关RYO香烟及其消费者的性质的基本问题，RYO香烟在吸烟行为和毒素暴露方面与传统香烟的比较情况，以及从传统香烟转向RYO香烟的后果。研究结果将告知RYO吸烟者和政策制定者吸烟这种增长趋势的相对风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of Roll Your Own (RYO) cigarettes has increased dramatically in the UK, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and Europe where prices of factory made (FM) cigarette have increased through taxation and restrictive marketing. In the UK 27% of smoker use RYO cigarettes; the US prevalence is about 6.7%. Most RYO smokers choose these cigarettes because they are cheaper than FM cigarettes, however, others use RYO because they are perceived to be less harmful, offer more flexibility and control of content, and they have cultural appeal. In spite of widespread use in other countries and the possibility of increased domestic use, very little is known about smokers of RYO cigarettes, the consistency of the RYO cigarettes they use, how they are smoked, the toxin exposure from their use and what happens when people switch from FM cigarette use to RYO use. These questions are addressed in the proposed research application. RYO users will be classified as mixed RYO/FM, exclusive RYO or exclusive FM smokers. While being observed in the laboratory, RYO smokers will prepare 20 cigarettes with the tobacco and rolling equipment they ordinarily use. These cigarettes will be analyzed for tobacco content, weight and overall product consistency. In another study, exclusive RYO smokers will be compared to exclusive FM smokers on baseline measures of chronic tobacco exposure (i.e., NNAL and 1- HOP, plasma cotinine). Acute exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and nicotine will be assessed, as will measures of puffing topography and inhalation patterns. Subjects will smoke in the laboratory under three conditions: normal cigarette consumption; after verified tobacco abstinence of at least 12 hr; and after intensive smoking in the hour before the experimental session. Mixed RYO/FM smokers will be tested as they consume their usual FM brand and RYO cigarettes under the same conditions. These laboratory manipulations are known to cause "compensation" (changes in smoking behavior) in FM cigarettes but these conditions have not yet been tested with RYO cigarette use. To determine changes in exposure consequences of switching to RYO use, a cross over study will be used where exclusive FM smokers (after baseline assessments) will smoke RYO cigarettes for 15 days. Overall, these studies will provide a current assessment of the use characteristics of RYO smokers and provide important information about health and risk consequences of RYO use. This information is important for current RYO smokers and FM smokers who are contemplating RYO use. The data will also inform policy relevant to advertising restrictions, marketing and taxation of RYO cigarettes and the relative harmfulness of RYO to FM cigarettes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will be the first systematic human laboratory evaluation of Roll Your Own (RYO) cigarettes. The research will answer fundamental questions about the nature of RYO cigarettes and their consumers, how RYO cigarettes compare to conventional cigarettes in terms of smoking behavior and toxin exposure, and what the consequences are of switching from conventional to RYO cigarettes. The results will inform RYO smokers and policy makers about the relative risk of this growing trend in cigarette smoking.