Roll Your Own (RYO) Cigarettes: Prevalence, Smoking Behavior and Toxin Exposure

自己卷烟 (RYO) 香烟：流行率、吸烟行为和毒素暴露

• 批准号: 7635060
• 负责人: Wallace Bruce Pickworth
• 金额: $ 40.78万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE CENTERS/PUB HLTH RES & EVALUATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7635060
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Advertising; Australia; Belief; Biological Markers; Breathing; Canada; Carbon Monoxide; Characteristics; Chronic; Cigarette; Classification; Consumption; Cotinine; Country; Cross-Over Studies; Data; Equipment; Equipment and Supplies; Europe; European Union; Evaluation; Exhalation; Exposure to; Financial compensation; Grant; Health; Heart Rate; Hour; Human; Instruction; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Length; Marketing; Measures; Nature; New Zealand; Nicotine; Oral cavity; Paper; Participant; Pattern; Plasma; Policies; Policy Maker; Population; Prevalence; Price; Relative (related person); Relative Risks; Research; Risk; Sales; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking History; Statutes and Laws; Surveys; Tars; Taxation; Taxes; Testing; Tobacco; Tobacco Dependence; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco smoke; Toxicant exposure; Toxin; Tube; United Kingdom; United States Food and Drug Administration; Variant; Weight; authority; cigarette smoking; design; flexibility; public health relevance; research study; solanesol; tobacco abstinence; tobacco exposure; trend

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of Roll Your Own (RYO) cigarettes has increased dramatically in the UK, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and Europe where prices of factory made (FM) cigarette have increased through taxation and restrictive marketing. In the UK 27% of smoker use RYO cigarettes; the US prevalence is about 6.7%. Most RYO smokers choose these cigarettes because they are cheaper than FM cigarettes, however, others use RYO because they are perceived to be less harmful, offer more flexibility and control of content, and they have cultural appeal. In spite of widespread use in other countries and the possibility of increased domestic use, very little is known about smokers of RYO cigarettes, the consistency of the RYO cigarettes they use, how they are smoked, the toxin exposure from their use and what happens when people switch from FM cigarette use to RYO use. These questions are addressed in the proposed research application. RYO users will be classified as mixed RYO/FM, exclusive RYO or exclusive FM smokers. While being observed in the laboratory, RYO smokers will prepare 20 cigarettes with the tobacco and rolling equipment they ordinarily use. These cigarettes will be analyzed for tobacco content, weight and overall product consistency. In another study, exclusive RYO smokers will be compared to exclusive FM smokers on baseline measures of chronic tobacco exposure (i.e., NNAL and 1- HOP, plasma cotinine). Acute exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and nicotine will be assessed, as will measures of puffing topography and inhalation patterns. Subjects will smoke in the laboratory under three conditions: normal cigarette consumption; after verified tobacco abstinence of at least 12 hr; and after intensive smoking in the hour before the experimental session. Mixed RYO/FM smokers will be tested as they consume their usual FM brand and RYO cigarettes under the same conditions. These laboratory manipulations are known to cause "compensation" (changes in smoking behavior) in FM cigarettes but these conditions have not yet been tested with RYO cigarette use. To determine changes in exposure consequences of switching to RYO use, a cross over study will be used where exclusive FM smokers (after baseline assessments) will smoke RYO cigarettes for 15 days. Overall, these studies will provide a current assessment of the use characteristics of RYO smokers and provide important information about health and risk consequences of RYO use. This information is important for current RYO smokers and FM smokers who are contemplating RYO use. The data will also inform policy relevant to advertising restrictions, marketing and taxation of RYO cigarettes and the relative harmfulness of RYO to FM cigarettes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will be the first systematic human laboratory evaluation of Roll Your Own (RYO) cigarettes. The research will answer fundamental questions about the nature of RYO cigarettes and their consumers, how RYO cigarettes compare to conventional cigarettes in terms of smoking behavior and toxin exposure, and what the consequences are of switching from conventional to RYO cigarettes. The results will inform RYO smokers and policy makers about the relative risk of this growing trend in cigarette smoking.

描述（由申请人提供）：在英国、新西兰、澳大利亚、加拿大和欧洲，自卷（RYO）卷烟的使用量急剧增加，这些国家的工厂制造（FM）卷烟的价格通过税收和限制性营销而上涨。在英国，27% 的吸烟者使用 RYO 卷烟；美国的患病率约为 6.7%。大多数 RYO 吸烟者选择这些卷烟是因为它们比 FM 卷烟便宜，然而，其他人使用 RYO 是因为人们认为它们危害较小，提供更大的灵活性和内容控制，并且具有文化吸引力。尽管 RYO 卷烟在其他国家广泛使用，并且有可能增加国内使用，但人们对 RYO 卷烟的吸烟者、他们使用的 RYO 卷烟的稠度、吸烟方式、使用过程中接触的毒素以及人们从 FM 卷烟改用 RYO 时会发生什么情况知之甚少。这些问题在拟议的研究应用中得到解决。 RYO 用户将被分为混合 RYO/FM、纯 RYO 或纯 FM 吸烟者。在实验室进行观察时，RYO 吸烟者将使用他们常用的烟草和卷烟设备准备 20 支卷烟。将分析这些卷烟的烟草含量、重量和整体产品一致性。在另一项研究中，将仅 RYO 吸烟者与仅 FM 吸烟者的慢性烟草暴露基线测量（即 NNAL 和 1-HOP，血浆可替宁）进行比较。将评估急性暴露于一氧化碳 (CO) 和尼古丁的情况，以及呼吸形态和吸入模式的测量。受试者会在三种情况下在实验室吸烟：正常吸烟；经核实戒烟至少 12 小时后；以及实验前一小时内大量吸烟后。 RYO/FM 混合吸烟者将接受测试，因为他们在相同条件下吸食常用的 FM 品牌和 RYO 卷烟。已知这些实验室操作会导致 FM 香烟的“补偿”（吸烟行为的改变），但这些情况尚未在 RYO 香烟的使用中进行过测试。为了确定改用 RYO 后暴露后果的变化，将使用一项交叉研究，其中仅 FM 吸烟者（在基线评估后）将吸 RYO 卷烟 15 天。总体而言，这些研究将对 RYO 吸烟者的使用特征进行当前评估，并提供有关 RYO 使用的健康和风险后果的重要信息。此信息对于当前 RYO 吸烟者和正在考虑使用 RYO 的 FM 吸烟者非常重要。这些数据还将为与 RYO 卷烟的广告限制、营销和税收以及 RYO 对 FM 卷烟的相对危害性相关的政策提供信息。公共健康相关性：拟议的研究将是对卷烟 (RYO) 的首次系统人体实验室评估。该研究将回答有关 RYO 卷烟及其消费者的性质、RYO 卷烟与传统卷烟在吸烟行为和毒素暴露方面如何比较以及从传统卷烟转向 RYO 卷烟的后果等基本问题。研究结果将让 RYO 吸烟者和政策制定者了解这种日益增长的吸烟趋势的相对风险。