Roll Your Own (RYO) Cigarettes: Prevalence, Smoking Behavior and Toxin Exposure

描述（由申请人提供）：在英国，新西兰，澳大利亚，加拿大和欧洲，通过税收和限制性营销，工厂制造（FM）香烟的价格上涨，使用自己的卷烟（RYO）急剧增加。在英国，27%的吸烟者使用RYO香烟；美国的患病率约为6.7%。大多数RYO吸烟者选择这些香烟是因为它们比FM香烟便宜，然而，其他人使用RYO是因为它们被认为危害更小，提供更多的灵活性和内容控制，并且它们具有文化吸引力。尽管在其他国家广泛使用，国内使用的可能性也在增加，但人们对RYO香烟的吸烟者、他们使用的RYO香烟的稠度、吸烟方式、使用时的毒素暴露以及人们从使用FM香烟转向使用RYO香烟时会发生什么知之甚少。这些问题都在拟议的研究申请中得到解决。RYO用户将分为混合RYO/FM、纯RYO或纯FM吸烟者。在实验室接受观察的同时，RYO吸烟者将用他们通常使用的烟草和卷烟设备准备20支香烟。这些香烟将被分析烟草含量、重量和整体产品一致性。在另一项研究中，将对纯RYO吸烟者与纯FM吸烟者进行慢性烟草暴露基线测量（即NNAL和1- HOP，血浆可替宁）的比较。将评估急性暴露于一氧化碳（CO）和尼古丁，以及测量雾化地形和吸入模式。受试者将在三种情况下在实验室吸烟：正常吸烟；经证实戒烟至少12小时；在实验开始前的一小时内大量吸烟后。RYO/FM混合吸烟者将接受测试，因为他们在相同的条件下消耗他们通常的FM品牌和RYO香烟。这些实验室操作已知会导致FM香烟的“补偿”（吸烟行为的改变），但这些情况尚未在RYO香烟的使用中进行测试。为了确定改用RYO香烟后暴露后果的变化，将进行一项交叉研究，让纯FM吸烟者（在基线评估后）连续15天抽RYO香烟。总的来说，这些研究将提供对低氧吸烟者使用特征的当前评估，并提供有关低氧使用的健康和风险后果的重要信息。这一信息对于当前的RYO吸烟者和正在考虑使用RYO的FM吸烟者很重要。这些数据还将为有关RYO香烟的广告限制、营销和税收以及RYO对FM香烟的相对危害的政策提供信息。公共卫生相关性：拟议的研究将是第一个系统的人体实验室评估自己卷烟（RYO）。这项研究将回答有关RYO香烟及其消费者的性质，RYO香烟与传统香烟在吸烟行为和毒素暴露方面的比较，以及从传统香烟转向RYO香烟的后果等基本问题。研究结果将告知吸烟者和政策制定者这种吸烟趋势的相对风险。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The use of Roll Your Own (RYO) cigarettes has increased dramatically in the UK, New Zealand, Australia, Canada and Europe where prices of factory made (FM) cigarette have increased through taxation and restrictive marketing. In the UK 27% of smoker use RYO cigarettes; the US prevalence is about 6.7%. Most RYO smokers choose these cigarettes because they are cheaper than FM cigarettes, however, others use RYO because they are perceived to be less harmful, offer more flexibility and control of content, and they have cultural appeal. In spite of widespread use in other countries and the possibility of increased domestic use, very little is known about smokers of RYO cigarettes, the consistency of the RYO cigarettes they use, how they are smoked, the toxin exposure from their use and what happens when people switch from FM cigarette use to RYO use. These questions are addressed in the proposed research application. RYO users will be classified as mixed RYO/FM, exclusive RYO or exclusive FM smokers. While being observed in the laboratory, RYO smokers will prepare 20 cigarettes with the tobacco and rolling equipment they ordinarily use. These cigarettes will be analyzed for tobacco content, weight and overall product consistency. In another study, exclusive RYO smokers will be compared to exclusive FM smokers on baseline measures of chronic tobacco exposure (i.e., NNAL and 1- HOP, plasma cotinine). Acute exposure to carbon monoxide (CO) and nicotine will be assessed, as will measures of puffing topography and inhalation patterns. Subjects will smoke in the laboratory under three conditions: normal cigarette consumption; after verified tobacco abstinence of at least 12 hr; and after intensive smoking in the hour before the experimental session. Mixed RYO/FM smokers will be tested as they consume their usual FM brand and RYO cigarettes under the same conditions. These laboratory manipulations are known to cause "compensation" (changes in smoking behavior) in FM cigarettes but these conditions have not yet been tested with RYO cigarette use. To determine changes in exposure consequences of switching to RYO use, a cross over study will be used where exclusive FM smokers (after baseline assessments) will smoke RYO cigarettes for 15 days. Overall, these studies will provide a current assessment of the use characteristics of RYO smokers and provide important information about health and risk consequences of RYO use. This information is important for current RYO smokers and FM smokers who are contemplating RYO use. The data will also inform policy relevant to advertising restrictions, marketing and taxation of RYO cigarettes and the relative harmfulness of RYO to FM cigarettes. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed research will be the first systematic human laboratory evaluation of Roll Your Own (RYO) cigarettes. The research will answer fundamental questions about the nature of RYO cigarettes and their consumers, how RYO cigarettes compare to conventional cigarettes in terms of smoking behavior and toxin exposure, and what the consequences are of switching from conventional to RYO cigarettes. The results will inform RYO smokers and policy makers about the relative risk of this growing trend in cigarette smoking.