Contribution of Inhalation for Human Smoke Exposure

吸入对人体烟雾暴露的贡献

• 批准号: 7489292
• 负责人: Wallace Bruce Pickworth
• 金额: $ 22.89万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE CENTERS/PUB HLTH RES & EVALUATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7489292
• 关键词: Abstinence; Address; Age; Alveolar; Behavior; Biological Markers; Brassicaceae; Breathing; Carbon Monoxide; Cigarette; Condition; Cross-Over Studies; Data; Dimensions; Equilibrium; Exhalation; Exposure to; Female; Flavoring; Health; Human; Individual; Laboratories; Link; Lung; Lung diseases; Measurement; Measures; Menthol; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Nicotine; Oral cavity; Pathology; Patient Self-Report; Plasma; Plethysmography; Recruitment Activity; Research; Site; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Smoking Status; System; Tars; Technology; Tissues; Tobacco smoke; addiction; base; cigarette smoking; indexing; male; practical application; respiratory; tobacco abstinence; tobacco tar

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The health consequences of smoking are directly related to smoke exposure. Although toxicologically and pharmacologically relevant exposure to nicotine, carbon monoxide (CO) and other components of tobacco smoke occurs at lower bronchial and lung alveolar tissue, quantitative measures of smoke exposure are ordinarily indexed by puffing parameters - measures of mouth exposure. Mouth-level exposure is only weakly and variably correlated with systemic smoke exposure suggesting that inhalation measures may be better quantitative predictors of exposure. This proposal will compare puff topography parameters and inhalation parameters to determine which method better models human smoke exposure. Puff topography measures will be collected using the lab-based CReSS system, and inhalation measures will be collected concomitantly using a recently-developed respiratory monitoring system based on inductive plethysmography (LifeShirt). Changes in plasma nicotine and exhaled CO (boosts) will be used as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke. The specific research aims of the study are (1) to determine if a set of inhalation parameters is better at predicting nicotine and CO boosts compared to a set of puff parameters; (2) to determine changes in puff and inhalation parameters induced by tobacco abstinence and smoking an "ultra-light" highly ventilated cigarette (manipulations known to change puff parameters); and (3) to determine if changes in puff and inhalation parameters predict biomarkers of exposure (nicotine and CO boosts) in conditions of tobacco abstinence and when smoking a highly ventilated ("low-yield'). These aims will be addressed in a laboratory-based within subject cross-over study. Approximately 135 male and female established smokers, age 18 or over, who usually smoke a full flavored (tar = 16 mg) filtered cigarette will be recruited. Smoking status will be verified biochemically and by self-report. Subjects will participate in three counter-balanced laboratory sessions. In each session they will smoke a single cigarette through a puff topography mouthpiece while wearing the LifeShirt. In one session, they will smoke their own brand of cigarette; in another they will smoke their own brand after overnight abstinence; and in another session they will smoke an "ultra-light cigarette" (tar = 5 mg) that will be flavored similarly to their own brand (menthol or non menthol). The proposed research will serve as an initial step to evaluate the practical application of a new inductive plethysmography technology to model human smoke exposure. As such, this proposal represents a unique exploration of an additional dimension in measuring smoke exposure. This method has the potential to fundamentally change the measurement of smoke exposure from the mouth to the lungs, the site of relevant pharamcodynamic activity and manifestation of many pathological consequences. Although there is strong epidemiological data that links cigarette smoking to addiction and pathology, there is relatively little data that links exposure in an individual to the behavior of smoking or its pathological consequences (e.g. addiction, lung disease). Previous measures of exposure have relied upon puffing behavior which describes the entry of smoke into the mouth, however exposure relevant to pathology occurs in the lung. The present proposal is the first to parametrically compare puffing and inhalation methods in an effort develop better and more relevant methods to quantify smoke exposure.

说明(申请人提供)：吸烟的健康后果与吸烟暴露直接相关。虽然烟草烟雾中的尼古丁、一氧化碳(CO)和其他成分在毒理学和药理学上的相关暴露发生在较低的支气管和肺泡组织中，但烟雾暴露的定量指标通常是通过吸气参数-口腔暴露的指标来衡量的。口腔水平暴露与全身烟雾暴露只有微弱且可变的相关性，这表明吸入措施可能是暴露的更好的定量预测因子。这项建议将比较喷烟地形参数和吸入参数，以确定哪种方法更好地模拟人体烟雾暴露。烟雾地形测量将使用基于实验室的水芹系统收集，吸入测量将同时使用最近开发的基于感应体积描记(LifeShirt)的呼吸监测系统(LifeShirt)。血浆尼古丁和呼出的CO(增强)的变化将被用作暴露于烟草烟雾的生物标志物。这项研究的具体研究目的是(1)确定一组吸入参数是否比一组喷烟参数更能预测尼古丁和一氧化碳的增加；(2)确定戒烟和吸“超轻”高通风香烟(已知会改变喷烟参数的操作)引起的喷烟和吸入参数的变化；以及(3)确定在戒烟条件下和吸烟高通风(“低产量”)时，喷烟和吸入参数的变化是否可以预测暴露的生物标志物(尼古丁和一氧化碳增加)。这些目标将在以实验室为基础的受试者交叉研究中得到解决。大约135名年龄在18岁或以上的男性和女性吸烟者将被招募，他们通常吸一种全味(焦油=16毫克)过滤香烟。吸烟状况将通过生物化学和自我报告进行核实。受试者将参加三个平衡实验室课程。在每一次会议中，他们将穿着LifeShirt通过喷雾地形喷嘴吸一支烟。在一节课中，他们会抽自己品牌的香烟；在另一节课上，他们会在一夜戒烟后抽自己的牌子烟；而在另一节课上，他们会抽一种“超轻烟”(焦油=5毫克)，这种香烟的味道与他们自己的牌子(薄荷醇或非薄荷醇)相似。这项拟议的研究将作为评估一种新的感应式体积描记技术在模拟人体烟雾暴露方面的实际应用的第一步。因此，这项建议是对测量烟雾暴露的另一个维度的独特探索。这种方法有可能从根本上改变测量从口腔到肺部的烟雾暴露，相关的药流活动部位和许多病理后果的表现。虽然有强有力的流行病学数据将吸烟与成瘾和病理联系起来，但将个人暴露于吸烟行为或其病理后果(如上瘾、肺部疾病)联系起来的数据相对较少。以前的暴露测量依赖于描述烟雾进入口腔的吹气行为，然而与病理相关的暴露发生在肺部。本提案首次对吸烟法和吸入法进行了参数比较，以努力开发更好和更相关的方法来量化烟雾暴露。