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Visual Psychophysics of Human Face Processing

人脸处理的视觉心理物理学

基本信息

批准号：
8271424
负责人：
KEN NAKAYAMA
金额：
$ 39.3万
依托单位：
HARVARD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2001-09-30 至 2015-06-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8271424
关键词：
Adolescent Adult Affect Age Amblyopia Birth Brain Injuries Brain Pathology Child Computer software Congenital Disorders Detection Development Diagnosis Disabled Persons Disease Dyslexia Face Face Processing Family Friendships Gene Mutation General Population Genetic Genomics Health Heterogeneity Human Impairment Individual Internet Intervention Memory Memory Loss Memory impairment Mental Depression Methods Occupations Perception Persons Physiological Population Prevalence Procedures Prosopagnosia Quality of life Regimen Research Running Severities Social isolation Testing Time Training United States National Institutes of Health Vision Visual Visual Psychophysics Work age group behavior test design developmental prosopagnosia disability early childhood handicapping condition improved insight member memory recognition nervous system disorder programs response theories visual memory web site

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): According to the NIH prosopagnosia information page, " Prosopagnosia is a rare neurological disorder characterized by the inability to recognize faces . . . . In some cases it is a congenital disorder, present at birth in the absence of any brain damage. Congenital prosopagnosia appears to run in families, which makes it likely to be the result of a genetic mutation or deletion . . Prosopagnosia can be socially crippling . . . Children with congenital prosopagnosia are born with the disability . . . Their impairment may not be obvious to them or anyone else until they reach adulthood." http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/prosopagnosia/Prosopagnosia.htm Recent studies show that Prosopagnosia is not a rare condition. Two independent estimates indicate that it could affect 2% of the population, a prevalence comparable to amblyopia and dyslexia. Yet, there has been little or no systematic research to understand this common, seriously disabling visual deficit. We will characterize the range of deficits to aid in its diagnosis and to obtain fuller understanding of the condition. We have three main AIMS. First, we will systematically study a large population of prosopagnosic subjects so as to better appreciate its heterogeneity, recognizing at the outset that it comes in pure forms with no other visual deficiencies and in an iconic form where there is a concomitant deficit in visual memory. (Results suggest that these two forms have differing genetic and physiological substrates.) To accomplish this, we will exhaustively test prosopagnosics on many visual functions, assessing the recognition and memory of faces, visual objects and visual scenes. Second, we will more rigorously evaluate several new training regimes where three prosopagnosic subjects have significantly improved on their face recognition capabilities, and we will determine which persons are most likely to benefit from specific training procedures. Third, acknowledging that there are many children suffering from prosopagnosia with no help or understanding of the condition, we will initiate a project to identify children and adolescents with the condition, modifying the above training methods to improve face recognition in these children. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE Prosopagnosia is a surprisingly common visual deficit characterized by the inability to recognize faces. It can be severely disabling, leading to lost friendships and job opportunities and for some, depression and social isolation. We propose to develop behavioral tests to diagnose and characterize prosopagnosia in adults and in children. In addition, we will determine the efficacy of a new training method to ameliorate the effects of this serious condition.

描述（由申请人提供）：根据 NIH 面容失认症信息页，“面容失认症是一种罕见的神经系统疾病，其特征是无法识别面孔……在某些情况下，它是一种先天性疾病，在出生时没有任何脑损伤的情况下出现。先天性面容失认症似乎在家族中遗传，这使得它很可能是基因突变或缺失的结果……面容失认症可以在社会上发生致残。。。患有先天性面盲症的儿童生来就有这种残疾。。。在他们成年之前，他们的缺陷对他们或其他任何人来说可能并不明显。” http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/prosopagnosia/Prosopagnosia.htm 最近的研究表明，面容失认症并不是一种罕见的疾病。两项独立估计表明，它可能影响 2% 的人口，其患病率与弱视和阅读障碍相当。然而，很少或根本没有系统的研究来了解这种常见的、严重致残的视力缺陷。我们将描述缺陷的范围，以帮助诊断并更全面地了解病情。我们有三个主要目标。首先，我们将系统地研究大量面盲症受试者，以便更好地理解其异质性，从一开始就认识到它以纯粹的形式出现，没有其他视觉缺陷，并且以标志性形式出现，伴随视觉记忆缺陷。（结果表明，这两种形式具有不同的遗传和生理基础。）为了实现这一目标，我们将详尽地测试面部失认症的许多视觉功能，评估面部、视觉物体和视觉场景的识别和记忆。其次，我们将更严格地评估几种新的训练方案，其中三名面盲受试者的面部识别能力显着提高，我们将确定哪些人最有可能从特定的训练程序中受益。第三，认识到有许多儿童患有面部失认症，但对这种情况没有任何帮助或了解，我们将启动一个项目来识别患有这种疾病的儿童和青少年，修改上述培训方法，以提高这些儿童的面部识别能力。公共卫生相关性面容失认症是一种令人惊讶的常见视觉缺陷，其特征是无法识别面孔。它可能会造成严重的残疾，导致失去友谊和工作机会，对某些人来说，还会导致抑郁和社会孤立。我们建议开发行为测试来诊断和表征成人和儿童的面容失认症。此外，我们将确定一种新的训练方法的有效性，以改善这种严重疾病的影响。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（21）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

A robust method of measuring other-race and other-ethnicity effects: the Cambridge Face Memory Test format.

DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0047956
发表时间：
2012
期刊：
PloS one
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
McKone E;Stokes S;Liu J;Cohan S;Fiorentini C;Pidcock M;Yovel G;Broughton M;Pelleg M
通讯作者：
Pelleg M

Crossing the 'uncanny valley': adaptation to cartoon faces can influence perception of human faces.