Temporal-Spectral Control of Artificail Lighting for Improved Health

人工照明的时域光谱控制以改善健康

• 批准号: 8351258
• 负责人: Robert F Bonner
• 金额: $ 4.91万
• 依托单位: EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8351258
• 关键词: Acute; Affect; American; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder; Biological Process; Brain; California; Chronic; Circadian Rhythms; Cohort Studies; Collaborations; Color; Color Visions; Computer Workstations; Computer software; Computers; Data; Dementia; Development; Disease; Equilibrium; Evolution; Exposure to; Feedback; Functional disorder; General Population; Genetic Variation; Goals; Grant; Health; Home environment; Hour; Household; Human; Human Activities; Incidence; Individual; Lead; Life; Light; Lighting; Link; Malignant Neoplasms; Measurable; Measures; Metabolic syndrome; Output; Pathway interactions; Patients' Rooms; Pattern; Performance; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Productivity; Questionnaires; Reaction Time; Records; Relative (related person); Research; Retina; Retinal; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Role; Seasonal Variations; Sleep disturbances; Societies; Source; Stress; Structure; Study Subject; System; Technology; Television; Temperature; Testing; Time; Variant; Work; Workplace; alertness; base; cognitive function; computer monitor; computer program; computerized; cost; daily functioning; design; digital; improved; liquid crystal; luminance; melanopsin; reinforced behavior; shift work; sleep regulation; solid state

Current research indicates that daily patterns of light exposures, through the melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cell (mc-RGC) pathway, has a profound effect on both acute brain function and daily entrainment of circadian physiology. Our night-time exposures to artificial lighting are disruptive of circadian physiology as shown in controlled sleep studies and studies on shift-workers, particularly irregular shift work. Disruption of circadian physiology acutely affects alertness and cognitive function. Chronic circadian disruption has been linked to increased incidence of cancer, metabolic syndrome, and a wide spectrum of neuro-psychiatric dysfunction. Modern life is increasingly characterized by long periods of indoor activities during both day and night for which the same conventional lighting standards are applied. These standards are based on color vision sensitivity regardless of mc-rgc pathway activation. This tends to fragment the normal diurnal pattern of spectral irradiance and may be leading to widespread alterations in circadian physiological stresses. Consequently, one might improve both health and productivity of our modern populace by temporally altering the artificial light spectrum to increase mc-rgc activation (blue-light enrichment) during the daytime and decreasing it at night (diminished blue component). We have been searching for simple ways to test this hypothesis and to provide practical means for individual optimization given the wide range of real-world ambient light exposure patterns. Fluorescent lighting and more recently LED lighting are capable of greatly enriching the blue spectrum by increasing the amount of primary blue light transmitted through the phosphors that create the output white light. For example, recent studies suggest that daytime exposure to bright high-color-temperature (blue-enriched) fluorescent lights in daytime common rooms of patients with dementia led to decreased rate of long-term decline in cognitive function. Any standard light that increases daytime melanopsin activation will also lead to disruption when used at night. For the general population, we believe circadian disruption from such blue-light rich artificial lights at night is a major problem. To optimize circadian health in the modern urban world, we hypothesize will require temporal control of the artificial light spectrum. Computer monitors (and televisions) are universally designed to exceed ambient light levels reaching the retina (hence dominate mc-rgc pathway activation when used. In our modern society, large segments of the population average 4 hours of computer use per day. Similarly televisions are on typically up to 8 hours in an average American household. These high brightness sources on which we routinely fixate for long periods are the most likely light to be altering natural patterns of activation of melanopsin-containing retinal ganglion cells and their projections to the brain. However, modern computer monitors and digital televisions provide a path to dynamically control mc-rgc activation relative to color vision sensitivity by altering the RGB gain structure. We have developed dynamic color balance software that can control the color balance over a diurnal cycle to vary mc-rgc activation 10 fold while keeping photopic sensitivity constant. Our hypothesis is that daily computer use is having a measurable effect on circadian physiology. By using dynamic control of the RGB balance with easily exported software, we hope to develop computer based real-world testbeds to measure such acute effects on alertness and cognitive function throughout the day. Using the diurnal records of performance for a given individuals might eventually be use to self-optimize the temporal pattern of artificial light spectra for a given individual which is affected by both their other daily environmental zeitgebers and likely the genetic variations in their circadian systems physiology. We are currently trying to integrate our spectral-temporal control of LED/LCD computer monitors and smartphones with computerized attention, response time, cognitive function and productivity tests. We would use the subjects epersonal computer to log these data results along with those from computer-based questionnaires presented at regular intervals. With this combined testbed, we plan to design new research into lighting spectral-temporal control optimization for health in real-world systems readily exportable to office and home environments. We are considering the potential for such systems to perform anonymized studies (subject selected username and password) to provide low cost large cohort studies that provide the potential for individual feedback to reinforce behaviors that improve circadian health and performance. In collaboration with the Lighting Division of Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and the California Lighting Research Center under a DOE FLEMP grant, we have developed programmable low-level temporal and spectral control of computer monitor luminance that is compatible with the normal function of other computer programs both for cognitive function testing and for normal computer uses at work and at home.

目前的研究表明，通过含有黑视蛋白的视网膜神经节细胞 (mc-RGC) 途径，日常的光照模式对急性脑功能和昼夜节律生理的日常影响都有深远的影响。 受控睡眠研究和对轮班工人（尤其是不规则轮班工作）的研究表明，我们夜间暴露在人工照明下会破坏昼夜节律生理学。 昼夜节律生理学的破坏会严重影响警觉性和认知功能。 慢性昼夜节律紊乱与癌症、代谢综合征和广泛的神经精神功能障碍的发病率增加有关。 现代生活的特点越来越多地表现为白天和晚上长时间的室内活动，并且采用相同的传统照明标准。 这些标准基于色觉敏感性，与 mc-rgc 通路激活无关。这往往会破坏光谱辐照度的正常昼夜模式，并可能导致昼夜节律生理压力的广泛改变。因此，人们可以通过暂时改变人造光谱来增加白天的 mc-rgc 激活（蓝光丰富）并在夜间减少它（蓝色成分减少），从而改善现代大众的健康和生产力。我们一直在寻找简单的方法来检验这一假设，并在考虑到广泛的现实世界环境光暴露模式的情况下，为个体优化提供实用的方法。荧光灯和最近的 LED 照明能够通过增加通过产生输出白光的磷光体传输的初级蓝光的量来极大地丰富蓝色光谱。例如，最近的研究表明，痴呆症患者在白天的公共休息室中暴露在明亮的高色温（富含蓝色）荧光灯下，可以降低认知功能长期下降的速度。任何增加白天黑视蛋白激活的标准光在夜间使用时也会导致干扰。对于普通大众来说，我们认为夜间这种富含蓝光的人造灯对昼夜节律的干扰是一个主要问题。为了优化现代城市世界的昼夜节律健康，我们假设需要对人造光谱进行时间控制。 计算机显示器（和电视）普遍设计为超过到达视网膜的环境光水平（因此在使用时主导 mc-rgc 通路激活。在我们的现代社会中，大部分人口平均每天使用计算机 4 小时。同样，美国家庭的电视通常打开长达 8 小时。我们经常长时间注视的这些高亮度光源最有可能改变自然激活模式。 含有黑视蛋白的视网膜神经节细胞及其对大脑的投射。然而，现代计算机显示器和数字电视提供了一种通过改变 RGB 增益结构来动态控制与色觉敏感度相关的 mc-rgc 激活的途径。 我们开发了动态色彩平衡软件，可以控制昼夜周期内的色彩平衡，使 mc-rgc 激活变化 10 倍，同时保持明视灵敏度恒定。 我们的假设是，日常使用电脑会导致 对昼夜节律生理学的可测量的影响。通过使用易于导出的软件对 RGB 平衡进行动态控制，我们希望开发基于计算机的真实测试平台，以测量全天对警觉性和认知功能的严重影响。使用给定个体的每日表现记录最终可能会用于自我优化给定个体的人造光谱的时间模式，该模式受到其其他日常环境时间和可能的影响。 昼夜节律系统生理学的遗传变异。 我们目前正在尝试将 LED/LCD 计算机显示器和智能手机的光谱时间控制与计算机注意力、响应时间、认知功能和生产力测试相结合。我们将使用受试者的个人计算机来记录这些数据结果以及定期提交的基于计算机的问卷调查的数据结果。 借助这个组合测试平台，我们计划设计新的研究，以优化照明光谱时间控制，以促进现实世界系统的健康，并可轻松导出到办公室和家庭环境。我们正在考虑此类系统执行匿名研究（受试者选择的用户名和密码）的潜力，以提供低成本的大型队列研究，从而提供个人反馈的潜力，以强化改善昼夜节律健康和表现的行为。 在美国能源部 FLEMP 资助下，我们与劳伦斯伯克利国家实验室照明部门和加州照明研究中心合作，开发了计算机显示器亮度的可编程低级时间和光谱控制，该控制与其他计算机程序的正常功能兼容，用于认知功能测试以及工作和家庭中的正常计算机使用。