Adolescence, Impulsivity, and Drug Abuse: Sex/Hormones

青春期、冲动和药物滥用：性/激素

• 批准号: 8128724
• 负责人: Marilyn E. Carroll
• 金额: $ 27.58万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-30 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8128724
• 关键词: Accounting; Address; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Animal Model; Avidity; Behavior; Behavioral Model; Characteristics; Cocaine; Development; Drug abuse; Estrogen Replacements; Estrogens; Etiology; Extinction (Psychology); Female; Female Adolescents; Food; Gonadal Hormones; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Heroin; Hormonal; Hormones; Impulsive Behavior; Impulsivity; Individual Differences; Intake; Male Adolescents; Measures; Minor; Novelty-Seeking Behaviors; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase; Predictive Value; Prevention; Procedures; Psychological reinforcement; Rattus; Relapse; Rewards; Running; Sex Characteristics; Signal Transduction; Sucrose; Testing; Testosterone; Women' s Group; comparison group; discounting; drug of abuse; drug seeking behavior; indexing; innovation; interest; male; men' s group; non-drug; prototype; reinforced behavior; reinforcer; research study; sex

The overall objective of this project is to use innovative animal models to study individual differences that have emerged as key vulnerability factors in drug abuse (impulsivity, adolescence, sex, hormonal status, and avidity for nondrug rewards). The main question to be addressed is whether impulsivity, a defining characteristic of adolescence, is related to the enhanced vulnerability to drug abuse that is seen more in adolescence (vs. adulthood), and whether impulsivity is related to the increase in gonadal hormones that occurs during this critical phase of development. Behavioral models of impulsivity; such as, delay discounting (choosing a small-immediate vs. a large-delayed reward), and the Go/No-go task (inhibition of behavior durinc signaled nonreward vs. reward periods) will be used. Other behaviors will be compared to the results of the impulsivity tests to determine whether they covary with impulsive behavior and have predictive value; such as, extinction and reinstatement (Ext/Reinst) of drug-seeking behavior (relapse). Finally, impulsivity measures will be related to various indices of novelty-seeking behavior for drug (e.g., cocaine, heroin) and nondrug (e.g., wheel-running, and sucrose intake) rewards. The following are specific aims that correspond with the 4 proposed experiments: 1) To address the extent to which impulsivity is a major factor contributing to vulnerability to drug abuse in adolescents vs. adults. Male and female adolescent and adult rats will be compared within and between groups on two measures of impulsivity, delay-discounting (DD) and the Go/No- go tasks for food or i.v. cocaine. 2) To investigate the question of whether impulsive adolescents become impulsive adults using the DD and Go/No-go procedures for cocaine and food rewards. Low (Lol) and high (Hil) impulsive male and female groups will also be compared on Ext/Reinst of cocaine-seeking behavior. 3) To determine whether it is an increase in circulating gonadal hormones or innate developmental/ organizational differences that account for the sex differences in impulsivity and/or drug abuse in adolescents and adults using the DD or Go/No-go procedure, 5 groups will be compared: a) ovariectomized females (OVX), b) OVX with estrogen replacement (OVX + E), c) castrated males (CAST), d) sham-operated females (SHAM) and e) SHAM males. 4) To examine the relationship between impulsivity and factors that covary with impulsivity in predicting drug abuse. Rats will be selected for Hil and Lol (DD and Go/No-go) and tested on the other measure as well as for behavior maintained by other rewards. Other groups will be selected as high and low for behaviors reinforced by drug (cocaine, heroin) and nondrug (wheel-running,sucrose) rewards and tested on measures of impulsivity for a bidirectional comparison of impulsivity and avidity for drugs or nondrug rewards. The study of impulsivity in drug-seeking behavior will increase our understanding of the etiology, prevention, and treatment of drug abuse.

该项目的总体目标是使用创新的动物模型来研究个体差异

项目成果

Performance maintained by orally delivered phencyclidine under second-order, tandem and fixed-interval schedules in food-satiated and food-deprived rhesus monkeys.

在食物充足和食物匮乏的恒河猴中，口服苯环己哌啶在二级、串联和固定间隔方案下维持了性能。

• 发表时间: 1985
• 期刊: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics
• 作者: Carroll,ME

Sex Differences in Behavioral Dyscontrol: Role in Drug Addiction and Novel Treatments.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2015.00175
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Frontiers in psychiatry
• 影响因子: 4.7
• 作者: Carroll ME;Smethells JR
• 通讯作者: Smethells JR

Food deprivation produces persistent increases in self-administration behavior during cocaine extinction.

在可卡因灭绝期间，食物匮乏会导致自我给药行为持续增加。

• 发表时间: 1984
• 期刊: NIDA research monograph
• 作者: Carroll,ME

Self-administration of orally-delivered phencyclidine and ethanol under concurrent fixed-ratio schedules in rhesus monkeys.

在恒河猴中按照同时固定比例的方案自行口服苯环己哌啶和乙醇。

• DOI: 10.1007/bf02439578
• 发表时间: 1987
• 期刊: Psychopharmacology
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Carroll,ME

Effects of naltrexone on intravenous cocaine self-administration in rats during food satiation and deprivation.

纳曲酮对食物饱足和剥夺期间大鼠静脉注射可卡因自我给药的影响。

• 发表时间: 1986
• 期刊: The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics
• 作者: Carroll,ME;Lac,ST;Walker,MJ;Kragh,R;Newman,T
• 通讯作者: Newman,T