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Molecular Biology of the Oocyte

卵母细胞的分子生物学

基本信息

批准号：
8553380
负责人：
JURRIEN DEAN
金额：
$ 219.04万
依托单位：
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
至
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8553380
关键词：
Acrosome Adult Affect Area Binding Biocompatible Materials Cell Lineage Cells Childhood Complement Complex Congenital Abnormality Contraceptive methods DNA Development Disease Embryo Embryonic Development Ethics Event Exocytosis Extracellular Matrix Fertilization Gene Components Gene Transfer Techniques Genes Genetic Transcription Genome Germ Cells Glycoproteins Human Human Development Individual Inner Cell Mass Investigation Mammalian Oviducts Mammals Mediating Meiosis Molecular Molecular Biology Morula Mus Oocytes Oogenesis Organelles Ovary Pathway interactions Population Growth Process Proteins Public Health Reproductive Technology Role Specificity Staging Structure Taxon Zona Pellucida base egg embryo cell embryo stage 2 extracellular folliculogenesis insight macromolecule mouse development mouse model novel preimplantation prevent sperm cell zygote

项目摘要

Maternal Effect Genes: Transcription that terminates during meiotic maturation of mouse eggs, resumes only after robust activation of the embryonic genome of the two-cell embryo. This interregnum between oocyte and embryonic gene transcription dictates a role for stored maternal factors in early mammalian development. Encoded by maternal effect genes, these components accumulate during oogenesis and provide pathways essential for fertilization, activation of the embryonic genome and cleavage stage embryogenesis. Using mouse transgenesis, the role of individual or complexes of maternal factors is investigated in these processes. Fertilization: The taxon-specificity of sperm-egg recognition in mammals that results in fertilization is mediated primarily by the zona pellucida, an extracellular matrix surrounding ovulated eggs. Although a simple structure of 3-4 glycoproteins, the molecular basis of this sperm binding to the zona pellucida has been controversial. Current studies investigate: 1) the molecular biology of the formation of the extracellular zona pellucida; 2) molecular requirements of the zona pellucida matrix to support taxon-specific sperm-egg recognition; 3) mechanism that result in acrosome exocytosis necessary for gamete fusion; and 4) the processes by which post-fertilization polyspermy is prevented. Early Development: Activation of the embryonic genome in mice begins late in the one-cell zygote and is fully underway by the two-cell cleavage stage. Initial cell lineages that presage the inner cell mass and extra-embryonic trophectoderm are established when eight blastomeres compact to form polarized morulae in pre-implantation mouse development. The role of maternal effect genes in these processes in mammals constitute a rapidly evolving area of inquiry. Current studies investigate: 1) novel maternal effect genes that affect early mouse development; 2) components of a recently described maternally encoded subcortical complex; and 3) mechanisms by which the loss of the complex affects cleavage stage embryogenesis.

母体效应基因：在小鼠卵细胞减数分裂成熟过程中终止的转录，只有在双细胞胚胎的胚胎基因组被强力激活后才能恢复。卵母细胞和胚胎基因转录之间的间隙指示了在哺乳动物早期发育中储存的母体因子的作用。这些成分由母体效应基因编码，在卵子发生过程中积累，并为受精、胚胎基因组激活和卵裂期胚胎发生提供必要的途径。利用小鼠转基因，研究了个体或母体因子复合物在这些过程中的作用。