Malaria Transmission and the Impact of Control Efforts in Southern Africa

南部非洲疟疾传播和控制工作的影响

• 批准号: 8299636
• 负责人: Peter C Agre
• 金额: $ 175.56万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8299636
• 关键词: Antimalarials; Area; Biology; Biomedical Research; Biometry; Biostatistics Core; Cessation of life; Clinics and Hospitals; Collaborations; Communities; Databases; Development; Ecological Change; Ensure; Epidemiologic Studies; Epidemiology; Foundations; Frequencies; Genetic; Genetic Heterogeneity; Genetic Population Study; Genetic Variation; Genomics; Genotype; Goals; Information Technology; Insecticide Resistance; Institutes; Institution; Instruction; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Leadership; Link; Malaria; Nature; Neck; Occupational activity of managing finances; Parasites; Pattern; Phase; Physical environment; Population; Population Genetics; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Province; Public Health Schools; Recording of previous events; Research; Research Activity; Research Infrastructure; Research Institute; Research Training; Site; Social Environment; Southern Africa; Staging; Structure; Sustainable Development; Time; Training; Training Programs; Tropical Disease; Universities; Zambia; Zimbabwe; base; career development; chemotherapy; cost effective; data management; database design; design; epidemiology study; evidence base; instrumentation; international center; population genetic structure; programs; resistance mutation; response; success; transmission process; vector; vector control; vector transmission

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The proposed Center of Excellence for Malaria Research will focus on the epidemiology, vector biology and genetic diversity of malaria parasites under conditions typical of much of southern Africa. The research will be conducted in three endemic areas with different levels of malaria transmission and stages of control. The main research site will be located at the Malaria Institute at Macha (MIAM) in the Choma District of the Southern Province of Zambia. This is a semi-arid region that has a history of intense seasonal malaria transmission. While chemotherapy to reduce deaths from malaria has been in effect for over 20 years, no vector control interventions were implemented until 2007. The second field site will be at the Tropical Disease Research Centre (TDRC) in the Nchelenge District in the Luapula Province in northern Zambia, in the environs of Lake Mweru. This is a high transmission area with hyper- to holo-endemic malaria. The third field site will be at the Biomedical Research Training Institute (BRTI) in Mutasa District in Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. This region was under an effective malaria control program for about 50 years but the program was terminated in the late 1990's. Consequently, there has been a resurgence of malaria. The ecological, geographical and demographic differences between these research areas provide a range of epidemiological conditions to investigate malaria transmission and control in southern Africa, specifically spatio-temporal patterns of transmission, vector biology and parasite diversity. Studies of malaria epidemiology will focus on hospital, clinic and community-based prospective studies to track spatial and temporal changes in transmission. Population genetic studies of the vector and parasite will allow characterization of the genetic heterogeneity associated with natural and imposed bottle necks and the changing frequency of insecticide resistance and antimalarial resistance mutations. The project Cores, consisting of Environmental Surveillance, Genomics and Data Management/Biostatistics provide links between the three research areas. An integrated relational data base will link information across space and time. The Training/Career Development Program will be coordinated at the University of Zambia and the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and will take advantage of local capacity to strengthen their training programs to ensure the Center of Excellence for Malaria Research is sustained after the completion of this program.

描述（由申请人提供）：拟议的疟疾研究卓越中心将侧重于流行病学，病媒生物学和疟疾寄生虫的遗传多样性在南部非洲大部分地区的典型条件下。研究将在三个疟疾传播水平和控制阶段不同的流行区进行。主要研究地点将设在赞比亚南部省Choma区Macha疟疾研究所。这是一个半干旱地区，历史上有严重的季节性疟疾传播。虽然减少疟疾死亡的化学疗法已经实施了20多年，但直到2007年才实施病媒控制干预措施。第二个现场将设在赞比亚北方卢阿普拉省Nchelenge区的热带疾病研究中心，该中心位于姆韦鲁湖附近。这是一个高度传播的地区，有高度到全地方性疟疾。第三个现场将设在津巴布韦马尼卡兰省穆塔萨区的生物医学研究培训所。该地区在大约50年的时间里一直处于有效的疟疾控制计划之下，但该计划于20世纪90年代末终止。因此，疟疾又死灰复燃。这些研究地区之间的生态、地理和人口差异为调查南部非洲疟疾传播和控制提供了一系列流行病学条件，特别是传播的时空模式、病媒生物学和寄生虫多样性。疟疾流行病学研究将侧重于医院、诊所和社区前瞻性研究，以跟踪传播的时空变化。对病媒和寄生虫的群体遗传学研究将有助于确定与自然和强加的瓶颈以及杀虫剂耐药性和抗疟药耐药性突变频率变化相关的遗传异质性。核心项目由环境监测、基因组学和数据管理/生物统计学组成，为这三个研究领域提供了联系。一个综合的关系数据库将跨越空间和时间把信息联系起来。培训/职业发展方案将在赞比亚大学和约翰霍普金斯公共卫生学院进行协调，并将利用当地能力加强其培训方案，以确保疟疾研究英才中心在该方案完成后得以维持。