Evaluating the social influences that impact vaccination decisions

描述（申请人提供）：预测医疗决策（如接种疫苗）的一个关键是了解个人行为及其决定因素，包括自我利益和自我决定的目标（desire to benefit oneself or enhance one's utility）（为自己谋利的欲望），亲社会性（对他人福祉的偏好），模仿（模仿他人的决定），习惯性行为（重复过去行为的倾向），以及时间和预算限制。由于这些行为因素影响疫苗接种决策，因此需要将其纳入替代疫苗接种策略模型，以提供政策决策指导。在这里，我们建议评估行为因素如何影响流感疫苗接种决策，各国之间存在差异，并可用于告知疫苗接种策略。为此，我们将使用流行病学-经济学模型，包括博弈论和流感传播网络模型，并通过心理学、经济学和社会学数据进行参数化。具体而言，我们的跨学科团队将采用调查，统计分析和数学建模来评估不同国家的个人决策过程，传染病传播和社会影响之间的相互作用。我们将在多个相互关联的尺度上评估行为，决策和流行病学结果，包括个人，家庭，年龄组，国家和人口水平。个人层面的疫苗接种决定可以深刻影响疫情的命运，从而对区域、国家和国际人群产生深远的公共卫生后果。了解疫苗接种决策的基本因素和遵守公共卫生建议将有助于设计更有效的疫苗接种计划。因此，我们还将评估影响行为因素的能力，包括亲社会性，模仿和习惯性行为，以促进在个人和公共卫生尺度上最佳的疫苗接种政策。我们的研究结果将增加我们对健康决策的理解，并为提高疫苗接种率的干预策略提供信息。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): A key to predicting medical decisions, such as vaccinations, is to understand individual behavior and its determinants, including self-interest and self-determined goals (desire to benefit oneself or enhance one's utility), prosociality (preferences for the well-being of others), imitation (imitating decisions of others), habitual behavior (tendency to repeat past actions), as well as time and budget constraints. As these behavioral factors influence vaccination decisions, they need to be incorporated into models of alternative vaccination strategies in order to provide policy decision-making guidance. Here, we propose to evaluate how behavioral factors shape influenza vaccination decisions, vary across nations, and can be used to inform vaccination strategies. To do so, we will use epidemiological-economic models including game theory and network models of influenza transmission, parameterized by psychological, economic and sociological data. Specifically, our transdisciplinary team will employ surveys, statistical analysis, and mathematical modeling to assess the interplay among decision-making processes of individuals, infectious disease transmission, and social influences in different countries. We will evaluate behavior, decision-making and epidemiological outcomes at multiple interrelated scales, including at the individual, household, age class, national, and population levels. Individual-level vaccination decisions can profoundly influence the fate of outbreaks, and thus have far reaching public health consequences for regional, national, and international populations. Understanding the factors underlying vaccination decisions and adherence to public health recommendations will enable the design of more effective vaccination programs. Therefore, we will also evaluate the capacity to influence behavioral factors, including prosociality, imitation, and habitual behavior, to promote vaccination policies that are optimal at both the individual and public health scales. Our results will increase our understanding of health decision-making and inform intervention strategies to improve vaccination rates.