Effects of Spirits Privatization on Alcohol Prices and Alcohol-related Harms

烈酒私有化对酒精价格和酒精相关危害的影响

• 批准号: 8667061
• 负责人: William C Kerr
• 金额: $ 24.5万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-25 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8667061
• 关键词: Adult; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Beverages; Alcohols; Attitude; Beer; Behavior; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Beverages; Bypass; California; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Communities; Consumption; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Sources; Drunk driving; Economics; Experimental Designs; Fees; Frequencies; Future; Geographic state; Government; Health; Hour; Idaho; Individual; Influentials; Internet; Lead; Location; Longitudinal Surveys; Marketing; Monitor; Natural experiment; Noise; Oregon; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Price; Privatization; Province; Public Health; Public Opinion; Public Policy; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Sales; Sampling; Scanning; Series; Social Problems; Statutes and Laws; Supermarket; Surveys; System; Taxation; Taxes; Time; Visit; Washington; Wine; Youth; adolescent alcohol; alcohol availability; alcohol behavior; alcohol policy information system; assault; base; cost; density; design; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking; effectiveness research; experience; improved; public policy on alcohol; restraint; square foot; trend; underage drinking; vandalism

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Voters in the state of Washington have approved Initiative 1183, which ends the state monopoly on spirits sales as of June 1, 2012 and removes a number of regulations related to distribution and pricing. Spirits producers will be allowed to sell directly to retailers, bypassing the wholesale tier. New state spirits taxes, designed to make up the significant lost revenues from the spirits monopoly, will be the highest in the US states. Because these taxes will now go on top of profits to distributors and retailers, we expect spirits prices to rise to well above current levels. Importantly, the initiative requires retail taxes to b listed separately from the base price so that consumers can clearly see the tax amount. Commercial proponents likely intended this to spark later efforts to reduce spirits taxes, making future revenues uncertain. Despite a minimum size requirement that will limit licensees to large alcohol super-stores, supermarkets and other large store types, outlet density for spirits is expected to increase substantially along with later hours of sale and greater shopping convenience. This availability increase may lead to greater spirits sales even though prices will increase, as this occurred after two retail privatizations in Canadian provinces that also resulted in higher retail prices in private stores. The proposed study was designed to evaluate impacts over time of these tax and availability increases and potential future changes such as a tax reduction. We propose to track implementation of regulations, revenues and prices and use state-representative cross- sectional and longitudinal surveys of Washington drinkers and residents to evaluate changes in drinking, purchasing, problems, attitudes and experiences following privatization and across later changes. The longitudinal survey will follow spirits drinkers to assess individual drinkers' changes in detailed purchasing and consumption behaviors. Cross-sectional survey waves will be conducted every six months to allow retrospective pre-and multiple-post analyses capturing both initial and any tax and market structural shifts occurring within 3 years. Retrospective questions will assess drinking and purchasing behavior before the privatization, facilitating analysis of change. Representative surveys from the CDC with cross-sectional waves both before and after privatization will also be utilized to evaluate changes in youth and adult drinking patterns. Brand-level price and sales series from the control system and from supermarkets after privatization will be obtained using archival data sources. Other store types will be monitored through the internet and store visits. Analyses will determine the effects of the privatization and later changes on prices, sales, state revenues, drinking and purchasing patterns, experiences of alcohol-related harms (including perceived harms from other people's drinking) and opinions regarding alcohol policies, spirits availability and prices. Results will inform debates regarding government control of alcohol sales, relevant to 18 remaining control states and on the three-tier system and alcohol taxation relevant to all US states.

描述（由申请人提供）：华盛顿州的选民批准了倡议1183，该计划结束了截至2012年6月1日的烈酒销售的州垄断，并删除了许多与分销和定价有关的法规。烈酒生产商将被允许直接出售给零售商，并绕过批发层。新的州精神税，旨在弥补美国各州最高的烈酒垄断收入。由于这些税收现在将以分销商和零售商的利润为基础，因此我们预计烈酒价格将远高于目前的水平。重要的是，该倡议要求零售税将B与基本价格分开列出，以便消费者可以清楚地看到税额。商业支持者可能打算这样做，以引发后来的努力减少烈酒税，从而使未来的收入不确定。尽管规模最小的要求将将被许可人限制在大型酒精超市，超市和其他大型商店类型中，但随着销售时间和更大的购物便利性，烈酒的出口密度有望大大增加。即使价格将上涨，这种可用性的增加也可能会导致更大的销售，因为这发生在加拿大省份的两个零售私有化之后，这也导致私人商店的零售价格上涨。拟议的研究旨在评估这些税收和可用性增加的影响，并增加未来的变化，例如减税。我们建议跟踪法规，收入和价格的实施，并使用对华盛顿饮酒者和居民的州代表性的横向和纵向调查，以评估私有化后以及随后的变化后饮酒，购买，问题，问题，问题，态度和经验的变化。纵向调查将跟随烈酒饮酒者评估单个饮酒者在详细的购买和消费行为方面的变化。将每六个月进行一次横截面调查浪潮，以允许回顾性的多个核心分析，以捕获初始和任何税收和市场结构转移在3年内发生的任何税收和市场结构变化。回顾性问题将在私有化之前评估饮酒和购买行为，从而促进变更分析。私有化前后的CDC的代表性调查也将用于评估青年和成人饮酒模式的变化。使用档案数据源将获得控制系统和私有化后超市的品牌价格和销售系列。其他商店类型将通过互联网和商店访问监视。分析将确定私有化和后来的变化对价格，销售，州收入，饮酒和购买模式的影响，与酒精相关的危害经历（包括其他人饮酒的危害）以及关于酒精政策的意见，烈酒的可用性和价格。结果将为有关政府控制酒精销售的辩论提供信息，与剩余的18个控制状态以及与美国所有州相关的三层控制和酒精税有关的辩论。