Effects of Spirits Privatization on Alcohol Prices and Alcohol-related Harms

烈酒私有化对酒精价格和酒精相关危害的影响

• 批准号: 8667061
• 负责人: William C Kerr
• 金额: $ 24.5万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-05-25 至 2018-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8667061
• 关键词: Adult; Alcohol abuse; Alcohol consumption; Alcoholic Beverages; Alcohols; Attitude; Beer; Behavior; Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Beverages; Bypass; California; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Communities; Consumption; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Sources; Drunk driving; Economics; Experimental Designs; Fees; Frequencies; Future; Geographic state; Government; Health; Hour; Idaho; Individual; Influentials; Internet; Lead; Location; Longitudinal Surveys; Marketing; Monitor; Natural experiment; Noise; Oregon; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Policies; Price; Privatization; Province; Public Health; Public Opinion; Public Policy; Regulation; Relative (related person); Research; Sales; Sampling; Scanning; Series; Social Problems; Statutes and Laws; Supermarket; Surveys; System; Taxation; Taxes; Time; Visit; Washington; Wine; Youth; adolescent alcohol; alcohol availability; alcohol behavior; alcohol policy information system; assault; base; cost; density; design; distilled alcoholic beverage; drinking; effectiveness research; experience; improved; public policy on alcohol; restraint; square foot; trend; underage drinking; vandalism

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Voters in the state of Washington have approved Initiative 1183, which ends the state monopoly on spirits sales as of June 1, 2012 and removes a number of regulations related to distribution and pricing. Spirits producers will be allowed to sell directly to retailers, bypassing the wholesale tier. New state spirits taxes, designed to make up the significant lost revenues from the spirits monopoly, will be the highest in the US states. Because these taxes will now go on top of profits to distributors and retailers, we expect spirits prices to rise to well above current levels. Importantly, the initiative requires retail taxes to b listed separately from the base price so that consumers can clearly see the tax amount. Commercial proponents likely intended this to spark later efforts to reduce spirits taxes, making future revenues uncertain. Despite a minimum size requirement that will limit licensees to large alcohol super-stores, supermarkets and other large store types, outlet density for spirits is expected to increase substantially along with later hours of sale and greater shopping convenience. This availability increase may lead to greater spirits sales even though prices will increase, as this occurred after two retail privatizations in Canadian provinces that also resulted in higher retail prices in private stores. The proposed study was designed to evaluate impacts over time of these tax and availability increases and potential future changes such as a tax reduction. We propose to track implementation of regulations, revenues and prices and use state-representative cross- sectional and longitudinal surveys of Washington drinkers and residents to evaluate changes in drinking, purchasing, problems, attitudes and experiences following privatization and across later changes. The longitudinal survey will follow spirits drinkers to assess individual drinkers' changes in detailed purchasing and consumption behaviors. Cross-sectional survey waves will be conducted every six months to allow retrospective pre-and multiple-post analyses capturing both initial and any tax and market structural shifts occurring within 3 years. Retrospective questions will assess drinking and purchasing behavior before the privatization, facilitating analysis of change. Representative surveys from the CDC with cross-sectional waves both before and after privatization will also be utilized to evaluate changes in youth and adult drinking patterns. Brand-level price and sales series from the control system and from supermarkets after privatization will be obtained using archival data sources. Other store types will be monitored through the internet and store visits. Analyses will determine the effects of the privatization and later changes on prices, sales, state revenues, drinking and purchasing patterns, experiences of alcohol-related harms (including perceived harms from other people's drinking) and opinions regarding alcohol policies, spirits availability and prices. Results will inform debates regarding government control of alcohol sales, relevant to 18 remaining control states and on the three-tier system and alcohol taxation relevant to all US states.

描述（由申请人提供）：华盛顿州的选民已经批准了1183号倡议，该倡议从2012年6月1日起结束了该州对烈酒销售的垄断，并取消了一些与分销和定价有关的规定。烈酒生产商将被允许直接向零售商销售，绕过批发环节。新的州烈酒税，旨在弥补烈酒垄断带来的巨大收入损失，将是美国各州最高的。由于这些税收现在将在分销商和零售商的利润之上，我们预计烈酒价格将上涨至远高于目前的水平。重要的是，该举措要求零售税与基准价格分开列出B，以便消费者可以清楚地看到税额。商业支持者可能打算这样做，以引发后来的努力，以减少烈酒税，使未来的收入不确定。尽管最低规模的要求，将限制持牌人的大型酒精超市，超市和其他大型商店类型，出口密度的烈酒预计将大幅增加沿着更晚的时间销售和更大的购物便利。这种供应量的增加可能会导致更大的烈酒销售，即使价格会上涨，因为这发生在加拿大各省的两次零售私有化之后，这也导致私人商店的零售价格上涨。拟议的研究旨在评估随着时间的推移，这些税收和可用性增加的影响以及未来可能的变化，如减税。我们建议跟踪法规、收入和价格的实施情况，并对华盛顿饮酒者和居民进行具有州代表性的横截面和纵向调查，以评估私有化后和以后变化中饮酒、购买、问题、态度和经验的变化。纵向调查将跟踪烈酒饮用者，以评估个人饮酒者在详细购买和消费行为方面的变化。每六个月进行一次横向调查，以进行回顾性的前后分析，捕捉初始和3年内发生的任何税收和市场结构变化。回顾性问题将评估私有化前的饮酒和购买行为，以便于分析变化。来自疾病预防控制中心的代表性调查，在私有化之前和之后的横截面波也将被用来评估青年和成年人饮酒模式的变化。将利用档案数据来源从管制系统和私有化后的超级市场获得品牌一级的价格和销售系列。其他店铺类型将通过互联网和店铺访问进行监控。分析将确定私有化的影响和后来的变化对价格，销售，国家收入，饮酒和购买模式，酒精相关危害的经验（包括其他人饮酒的感知危害）以及关于酒精政策，烈酒供应和价格的意见。结果将为有关政府控制酒精销售（与剩余18个控制州相关）以及与美国所有州相关的三级制度和酒精税的辩论提供信息。