Impacts of Recreational Marijuana Legalization and Retail Outlets in Washington: Unique Perspectives from Survey and County Mortality Data

华盛顿休闲大麻合法化和零售店的影响：调查和县死亡率数据的独特视角

• 批准号: 10402258
• 负责人: William C Kerr
• 金额: $ 49.3万
• 依托单位: PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-07-01 至 2024-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10402258
• 关键词: ATOD; Address; Age; Alcohol consumption; Alcohols; Amphetamines; Area; Attitude; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Characteristics; Cocaine; Code; Country; County; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Disadvantaged; Disease; Force of Gravity; Frequencies; Funding; Gender; Geographic state; Health; Health Status; Health behavior; Heroin; Homicide; Individual; Ingestion; Injury; Legal; Legal Status; Life Cycle Stages; Link; Location; Marijuana; Measures; Medical Marijuana; Methamphetamine; Methods; Modeling; Motor Vehicles; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; Oils; Opioid; Opioid Analgesics; Outcome; Pattern; Perception; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Poisoning; Police; Policies; Policy Analysis; Prevalence; Price; Privatization; Quality of life; Regulation; Research; Research Priority; Respondent; Risk; Sales; Sampling; Series; Smoke; Social Problems; Source; Statutes and Laws; Suicide; Surveys; Taxation; Taxes; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco use; Variant; Voting; Washington; Waxes; Weight; age group; alcohol related problem; alcohol research; alcohol use disorder; base; behavioral outcome; density; distilled alcoholic beverage; driving under influence; experience; follow-up; innovation; longitudinal analysis; marijuana legalization; marijuana use; marijuana use disorder; member; mortality; population survey; public health relevance; rurality; substance use; vapor

ABSTRACT Marijuana policy analysis has taken on new urgency with widespread medical marijuana legislation and, more recently, recreational legalization in an increasing number of states. The state of Washington voted to legalize recreational marijuana in November of 2012, however, time was allowed to implement a regulatory framework and retail stores did not open until July of 2014. Our team at the Alcohol Research Group was funded by NIAAA to conduct a series of six cross-sectional representative surveys of Washington during 2014, 2015 and 2016 with longitudinal follow-ups of selected respondents. While the focus of these surveys was alcohol use and purchasing in relation to the privatization of the state liquor monopoly, a section on marijuana use behaviors, purchasing, attitudes and problems was also included. We now propose to utilize these surveys to investigate effects of recreational legalization and local policy implementation, linking data on marijuana store locations and other area measures at the time of each survey wave with respondent addresses and ZIP-codes. The pattern of store openings occurred gradually during our survey period, going from 0 at Wave 1, 120 at Wave 3 and 311 at Wave 6. Planned analyses consider a range of important topics including: estimation of market size and the proportion captured by legal retail; risks for a variety of marijuana-related outcomes; relationships between an individual’s marijuana, alcohol and tobacco use over time; and area-level analyses on associations of outlet locations and retail characteristics with marijuana use and problems. Detailed measures of use behaviors include frequency, amount, intensity, ingestion method and context of use, as well as use with alcohol, tobacco, and/or other drugs. Importantly, panel analyses will estimate the effects of changing gravity access measures based on driving time to the nearest store locations on use and problem measures within individuals over time. Building on our prior studies of problems associated with simultaneous co-use of alcohol and marijuana, the proposed study will consider impacts of marijuana legalization on the use and co-use of marijuana with alcohol, tobacco and other drugs, as well as resulting problems. Innovative measures of the legal and illicit purchasing behaviors include products, amounts, prices, frequencies and sources. Our analyses will utilize these measures to estimate the size of Washington’s marijuana market in grams and dollars and track the shift towards legal retail sales. Analyses of legalization and store opening impacts will also include potentially marijuana-related injury mortality rates for all Washington counties from 2008 to 2018. Gender- and age-specific estimates will be used to evaluate impacts of county retail availability, outlet clustering and sales. This project will provide a wealth of new information relevant to impacts of legalization and local marijuana regulation, as well as inter-relationships between marijuana and other substance use problems over time. This information will be of great relevance to policymakers, who are increasingly faced with the task of formulating federal, state and local policy approaches to marijuana.

摘要 随着广泛的医用大麻立法， 最近，娱乐活动在越来越多的州合法化。华盛顿州投票决定 然而，在2012年11月，娱乐大麻被允许实施监管框架， 零售店直到2014年7月才开门营业。我们在酒精研究小组的团队由NIAAA资助 在2014年、2015年和2016年期间，对华盛顿进行一系列六项具有代表性的横断面调查， 对选定的答复者进行纵向跟踪。虽然这些调查的重点是酒精使用， 购买与国家酒类专卖私有化有关的大麻使用行为， 购买、态度和问题也包括在内。我们现在建议利用这些调查， 娱乐合法化和地方政策实施的影响，将大麻商店位置的数据联系起来， 在每一次调查波的时间，其他地区的措施与答复者的地址和邮政编码。的格局 在我们的调查期间，商店开业逐渐增加，从第一波的0家，第三波的120家和第三波的311家。 第六波计划的分析考虑了一系列重要的主题，包括：市场规模的估计和 法律的零售所占的比例;各种大麻相关结果的风险; 个人的大麻，酒精和烟草使用随着时间的推移;和地区一级的分析协会的出口 地点和零售特点与大麻的使用和问题。使用行为的详细测量包括 频率、数量、强度、摄入方法和使用背景，以及与酒精、烟草和/或 其他药物。重要的是，小组分析将根据以下因素估计改变重力接入措施的影响： 驾驶时间到最近的商店位置上的使用和问题的措施内的个人随着时间的推移。建筑 根据我们先前对同时使用酒精和大麻相关问题的研究， 一项研究将考虑大麻合法化对大麻与酒精，烟草的使用和共同使用的影响 和其他药物，以及由此产生的问题。法律的采购行为与非法采购行为的创新对策 包括产品、数量、价格、频率和来源。我们的分析将利用这些措施来估计 以克和美元计算的华盛顿大麻市场的规模，并跟踪向法律的零售的转变。 对大麻合法化和开店影响的分析还将包括与大麻有关的潜在伤害死亡率 从2008年到2018年，所有华盛顿县的利率。将使用按性别和年龄分列的估计数来评价 县零售的可用性，出口集群和销售的影响。该项目将提供丰富的新 有关合法化和当地大麻监管的影响以及相互关系的信息 大麻和其他物质使用问题之间的关系这一信息将是非常相关的 决策者越来越多地面临着制定联邦、州和地方政策方法的任务 大麻