Development and Validation of Novel Prospective GPS/GIS Based Exposure Measures

基于 GPS/GIS 的新型前瞻性暴露测量方法的开发和验证

• 批准号: 8542802
• 负责人: Jacqueline Kerr
• 金额: $ 9.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-10 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8542802
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Animals; Behavior; Buffers; Cities; Code; Communities; Country; Criminology; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Databases; Destinations; Development; Devices; Dietary intake; Eating; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Exposure to; Food; Forestry; Future; Geography; Goals; Health; Health Food; Health behavior; Health behavior change; Health behavior outcomes; Home Ranges; Individual; International; Intervention Studies; Intervention Trial; Lead; Life; Light; Location; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Participant; Physical activity; Pollution; Population Study; Research; Research Personnel; Restaurants; Retirement; Role; Route; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Sociology; Speed; Techniques; Time; Transportation; Travel; Validation; Walking; Weight; Work; base; behavior measurement; cost; density; energy balance; fast food; follow-up; food environment; improved; insulin sensitivity; land use; multidisciplinary; novel; obesity prevention; prospective; residence; sedentary

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the last decade, our understanding of neighborhoods' role in obesity prevention has progressed. However, much of the research has focused on the relationships between the built environment around a residential address and physical activity (PA). Focusing on the environment around static address points has several drawbacks. Health behaviors occur in multiple locations and along routes to destinations. Focusing on one location, such as residential address, underestimates the exposure to multiple environments. Further, health behaviors are usually assessed in an aggregate manner, for example, total PA across the day. Relating one location to total behavior results in underestimated effect sizes, especially if the behavior does not primarily occur at that location. The emergence of lightweight, low cost, and accurate GPS devices has enabled researchers to objectively track the location of an individual. While GIS data have been used in conjunction with GPS data, to date only a static approach has been employed; i.e. using the GIS to determine time in certain locations, but not exploring route buffers or daily exposures to multiple land uses across time and space. In two study samples of almost 500 participants with GPS and accelerometer data, we will develop novel, dynamic GIS based variables of daily exposure to environments that support PA (e.g. parks, connected streets, access to public transportation, and multiple destinations) and healthy eating (e.g. grocery stores). With the GPS traces, we can create "expozones" around multiple locations, investigate temporal associations, and estimate environmental exposures along routes. We can weight exposures by mode and speed and investigate GIS based land uses "in view" of the GPS traces. New techniques to summarize the environmental exposures will be developed to avoid regression to the mean from varying exposures across the day. One data set includes prospective data from an ecological intervention trial in 16 retirement communities. This will allow us to assess changes in "home range" (how widely people travel) based on the built environment. With only 16 communities, we can also feasibly observe and code the local land uses to assess the validity of the GIS databases. With more refined behavioral measures, inaccuracies in the GIS data become more problematic. The other dataset includes greater variability in residential addresses, increasing the generalizability of our findings and improving the comparison with traditional static location based GIS buffers against our dynamic exposure measures across the day. Further this second data set includes measures of dietary intake that will allow us to assess the impact of full-day exposure to food environments on healthy eating, which is likely to be a major improvement. Our multidisciplinary team of experts will develop and validate the new measures against behaviors and health outcomes using a spilt halves method. This measurement development work will support two R01 applications: 1) a multi-country GPS study 2) application of new methods to existing GPS samples (N=2850).

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的十年中，我们对社区在肥胖预防中的作用的理解已经发展。但是，许多研究都集中在围绕住宅地址和体育活动（PA）的建筑环境之间的关系。关注静态地址点的环境有几个缺点。健康行为发生在多个位置以及沿着目的地的路线。专注于一个位置，例如住宅地址，低估了对多种环境的接触。此外，通常以总体方式评估健康行为，例如全天总PA。将一个位置与总行为相关的位置会导致效应大小低估，尤其是在该行为主要不在该位置的情况下。轻巧，低成本和准确的GPS设备的出现使研究人员能够客观地跟踪个人的位置。尽管GIS数据已与GPS数据一起使用，但迄今为止，仅采用了一种静态方法。即使用GIS确定某些位置的时间，但不要探索路线缓冲区或每日暴露于多个 跨时间和空间的土地用途。在两个研究样本中，有近500名具有GPS和加速度计数据的参与者，我们将开发出新颖的，动态的GIS基于Dynamic GIS的变量，这些变量每天暴露于支持PA的环境（例如公园，互联街道，通往公共交通工具和多个目的地）和健康饮食（例如，杂货店）。借助GPS痕迹，我们可以在多个位置创建“ Expozones”，调查时间关联并估算沿路线的环境暴露。我们可以按模式和速度进行对基于GIS的土地使用“视图”的“观察”轨迹的范围。将开发总结环境暴露的新技术，以避免全天不同暴露的均值回归。一个数据集包括来自16个退休社区的生态干预试验的前瞻性数据。这将使我们能够根据建筑环境评估“家庭范围”的变化（人们的旅行程度广泛）。只有16个社区，我们还可以可行地观察和编码当地土地用途来评估GIS数据库的有效性。有了更多精致的行为措施，GIS数据中的不准确性就会变得更加问题。另一个数据集包括住宅地址的差异更大，提高了我们的发现的普遍性，并改善了与传统的基于静态位置的GIS缓冲液相对于我们全天的动态暴露措施的比较。此外，第二个数据集包括饮食摄入量的度量，这将使我们能够评估全天接触食物环境对健康饮食的影响，这可能是一个重大改进。我们的跨学科专家团队将使用溢出的一半方法制定和验证针对行为和健康成果的新措施。这项测量开发工作将支持两个R01应用：1）多国GPS研究2）将新方法应用于现有的GPS样本（n = 2850）。