Development and Validation of Novel Prospective GPS/GIS Based Exposure Measures

基于 GPS/GIS 的新型前瞻性暴露测量方法的开发和验证

• 批准号: 8542802
• 负责人: Jacqueline Kerr
• 金额: $ 9.13万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-09-10 至 2015-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8542802
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Age; Animals; Behavior; Buffers; Cities; Code; Communities; Country; Criminology; Data; Data Set; Data Sources; Databases; Destinations; Development; Devices; Dietary intake; Eating; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Exposure to; Food; Forestry; Future; Geography; Goals; Health; Health Food; Health behavior; Health behavior change; Health behavior outcomes; Home Ranges; Individual; International; Intervention Studies; Intervention Trial; Lead; Life; Light; Location; Low income; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Neighborhoods; Outcome; Participant; Physical activity; Pollution; Population Study; Research; Research Personnel; Restaurants; Retirement; Role; Route; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Sociology; Speed; Techniques; Time; Transportation; Travel; Validation; Walking; Weight; Work; base; behavior measurement; cost; density; energy balance; fast food; follow-up; food environment; improved; insulin sensitivity; land use; multidisciplinary; novel; obesity prevention; prospective; residence; sedentary

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the last decade, our understanding of neighborhoods' role in obesity prevention has progressed. However, much of the research has focused on the relationships between the built environment around a residential address and physical activity (PA). Focusing on the environment around static address points has several drawbacks. Health behaviors occur in multiple locations and along routes to destinations. Focusing on one location, such as residential address, underestimates the exposure to multiple environments. Further, health behaviors are usually assessed in an aggregate manner, for example, total PA across the day. Relating one location to total behavior results in underestimated effect sizes, especially if the behavior does not primarily occur at that location. The emergence of lightweight, low cost, and accurate GPS devices has enabled researchers to objectively track the location of an individual. While GIS data have been used in conjunction with GPS data, to date only a static approach has been employed; i.e. using the GIS to determine time in certain locations, but not exploring route buffers or daily exposures to multiple land uses across time and space. In two study samples of almost 500 participants with GPS and accelerometer data, we will develop novel, dynamic GIS based variables of daily exposure to environments that support PA (e.g. parks, connected streets, access to public transportation, and multiple destinations) and healthy eating (e.g. grocery stores). With the GPS traces, we can create "expozones" around multiple locations, investigate temporal associations, and estimate environmental exposures along routes. We can weight exposures by mode and speed and investigate GIS based land uses "in view" of the GPS traces. New techniques to summarize the environmental exposures will be developed to avoid regression to the mean from varying exposures across the day. One data set includes prospective data from an ecological intervention trial in 16 retirement communities. This will allow us to assess changes in "home range" (how widely people travel) based on the built environment. With only 16 communities, we can also feasibly observe and code the local land uses to assess the validity of the GIS databases. With more refined behavioral measures, inaccuracies in the GIS data become more problematic. The other dataset includes greater variability in residential addresses, increasing the generalizability of our findings and improving the comparison with traditional static location based GIS buffers against our dynamic exposure measures across the day. Further this second data set includes measures of dietary intake that will allow us to assess the impact of full-day exposure to food environments on healthy eating, which is likely to be a major improvement. Our multidisciplinary team of experts will develop and validate the new measures against behaviors and health outcomes using a spilt halves method. This measurement development work will support two R01 applications: 1) a multi-country GPS study 2) application of new methods to existing GPS samples (N=2850).

描述(申请人提供)：在过去的十年里，我们对社区在肥胖预防中的作用的理解取得了进展。然而，许多研究都集中在住宅区周围的建筑环境与体力活动(PA)之间的关系。关注静态地址点周围的环境有几个缺点。健康行为发生在多个地点和通往目的地的路线上。只关注一个地点，例如住址，会低估暴露在多种环境中的风险。此外，健康行为通常以一种综合的方式进行评估，例如，一天中的总PA。将一个位置与整个行为相关联会导致低估的效果大小，特别是如果该行为不主要发生在该位置的话。轻便、低成本和精确的GPS设备的出现使研究人员能够客观地跟踪个人的位置。虽然已将GIS数据与GPS数据结合使用，但到目前为止仅使用了静态方法；即使用GIS来确定某些位置的时间，但没有探索路径缓冲区或每日暴露于多个 跨越时间和空间的土地利用。在两个近500名参与者的研究样本中，使用GPS和加速计数据，我们将开发基于地理信息系统的新的、动态的变量，用于每天暴露在支持PA(例如公园、连接的街道、公共交通工具和多个目的地)和健康饮食(例如杂货店)的环境中。有了GPS跟踪，我们可以在多个地点周围创建“曝光区”，调查时间关联，并估计沿线的环境暴露。我们可以根据模式和速度对曝光进行加权，并根据GPS轨迹调查基于地理信息系统的土地利用。将开发总结环境暴露的新技术，以避免因一天中不同的暴露而回归到平均值。其中一个数据集包括在16个退休社区进行的生态干预试验的预期数据。这将使我们能够评估基于建筑环境的“家庭范围”(人们出行的距离)的变化。只有16个社区，我们也可以可行地观测和编码当地的土地利用，以评估地理信息系统数据库的有效性。随着更精细的行为测量，地理信息系统数据中的不准确变得更成问题。另一个数据集包括住宅地址的更大变异性，增加了我们研究结果的概括性，并改进了与传统的基于静态位置的地理信息系统缓冲区与我们全天动态暴露措施的比较。此外，第二个数据集包括饮食摄入量的衡量标准，这将使我们能够评估全天暴露在食物环境中对健康饮食的影响，这可能是一个重大改进。我们的多学科专家团队将使用分流方法开发和验证针对行为和健康结果的新措施。这项测量开发工作将支持两个R01应用：1)多国全球定位系统研究；2)将新方法应用于现有全球定位系统样本(N=2850)。