Understanding attention-control across functional systems and temporal scales

描述（由申请人提供）：几乎每一种神经精神障碍（例如，抑郁症和精神分裂症，注意力缺陷障碍，强迫症和双相情感障碍）都表现出注意力控制方面的缺陷：注意与行为相关的感官刺激而忽略无关刺激的能力。当然，注意力控制是注意力缺陷障碍的一个核心因素，被认为在成瘾行为中起着重要作用。这些缺陷可能是由于抑制分心的能力受损，或者是由于注意力持续时间的波动，当思维走神时。我们建议制定措施，使我们能够在神经水平上区分这些缺陷，描述它们的相互作用，并促进对注意力表现的跟踪，这是准确的必要条件

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Nearly every neuropsychiatric disorder (e.g., depression & schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder and bipolar disorder) shows deficits in attention control: the ability to attend to behaviorally relevat sensory stimuli and ignore irrelevant stimuli. Attentional control is, of course, a central factor n the attention deficit disorders and is thought to play a significant role in addictive behaviors. These deficits can occur because of impaired suppression of distractions or because of fluctuations in sustaining of attention, when the mind wanders. We propose to develop measures that will allows us to distinguish between these deficits at the neural level, describe their interactions and facilitate tracking of attention performance that is imperative for accurate diagnosis and monitoring of treatment efficacy. To achieve this we will combine the complementary methods of electroencephalography (EEG) (especially relevant to short term processes and spectral specificity) and functional MRI (relevant to slow evolutions in sustained attention and providing spatial specificity not readily observed with EEG) to measure fast and slow changes in attention. These measures will ultimately allow us to explain when and why internal state and distractibility impair behavior.