A New Statistical Paradigm for Measuring Psychopathology Dimensions in Youth

描述（由申请人提供）：我们建议开发、测试和应用一种新的计算机化自适应测试方法，以测量儿童和青少年（9-17岁）抑郁、焦虑、躁狂、破坏性行为和注意力缺陷/多动障碍的严重程度。这一建议在方法学和科学上都有助于儿科精神病理学评估的研究。拟议的工作将推进精神卫生研究，改善初级保健中的精神病筛查和监测。 本申请中提出的方法学工作是由一个基本的科学挑战驱动的，该挑战限制了儿科人群精神病理学测量的进展。我们需要了解青少年精神病理学的测量从童年到青春期是如何变化的。我们提出的工作包括新的统计方法的计算机化自适应测试（CAT）的基础上，多维项目反应理论（IRT），使我们能够量身定制的测量过程中，每个孩子的发展水平（垂直缩放）。该应用程序的首要目标是为儿童和青少年开发CAT，实现以下目标：目标1：提供抑郁症、躁狂症、焦虑症、破坏性行为障碍（DBD）和注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）的维度严重程度评分。目标二：患有与功能障碍相关的症状严重程度的儿童和青少年，他们可能受益于更广泛的诊断评估，以评估治疗需求。目标3：使用差分项目功能，以确定一组项目，最佳区分高和低水平的严重程度或每个精神病理学维度同样好的父母和儿童评级的尺寸。目的4：准确预测DSM对重度抑郁症（MDD）、ADHD、对立违抗性障碍（ODD）、品行障碍（CD）、焦虑症（AD;广泛性焦虑症、分离焦虑症、社交恐惧症、特定恐惧症）和双相情感障碍（BD）的分类诊断。探索性目的：使用相同的强大的心理测量策略，我们将采取几个重要步骤，开发和测试的两个核心生物心理过程的研究领域标准（RDoC）中确定的平行CAT措施。为了实现这些目标，我们将开发一个包含约1000个项目的数据库，这些项目涉及抑郁症（包括自杀倾向的子域）、躁狂症、焦虑症、DBD和ADHD的不同发展水平症状，以及正和负效价RDoC域。然后，我们将使用双因素IRT模型校准试题库，然后开发，测试和验证基于CAT的管理。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose to develop, test, and apply a new computerized adaptive testing approach to measuring severity of depression, anxiety, mania, disruptive behavior, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorders in children and adolescents (9-17 years). This proposal contributes both methodologically and scientifically to research on the assessment of pediatric psychopathology. The proposed work will advance mental health research and improve psychiatric screening and monitoring in primary care. The methodological work proposed in this application is driven by a fundamental scientific challenge that has limited progress in measuring psychopathology in pediatric populations. We need to understand how the measurement of psychopathology in youth changes from childhood through adolescence. Our proposed work includes new statistical methodology for a Computerized Adaptive Test (CAT) based on multidimensional Item Response Theory (IRT) that allows us to tailor the measurement process to each child's developmental level (vertical scaling). The overarching aim of this application is to develop a CAT for children and adolescents that achieves the following goals: Aim 1: Provides dimensional severity scores for depression, mania, anxiety, disruptive behavioral disorders (DBDs), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Aim 2: Identifies children and adolescents who have symptom severity associated with functional impairment who would potentially benefit from a more extensive diagnostic assessment to evaluate the need for treatment. Aim 3: Uses differential item functioning to identify a set of items that optimally discriminate high and low levels of severity or each of psychopathology dimension equally well for parent and child ratings of that dimension. Aim 4:Accurately predicts DSM categorical diagnoses of major depressive disorder (MDD), ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), anxiety disorders (AD; generalized anxiety disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia), and bipolar disorder (BD). Exploratory Aim: Using the same powerful psychometric strategies, we will take several important steps toward developing and testing of a parallel CAT measure of two of the core biopsychological processes identified in the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). To achieve these aims, we will develop a bank of approximately 1000 items addressing at different developmental levels symptoms of depression (including a subdomain of suicidality), mania, anxiety, DBDs and ADHD, as well as positive and negative valence RDoC domains. We will then calibrate the item bank using a bifactor IRT model and then develop, test and validate CAT-based administration.