ECONOMIC WELL-BEING AND PRODUCTIVITY

项目4：经济福利和生产力本研究的目标是衡量加纳纳夫龙戈社区内健康状况不佳和功能限制对经济环境和福利的影响；南非阿金库尔；以及坦桑尼亚的伊法卡拉。我们计划在每个国家进行基线调查，并在第五年在阿金库尔进行为期三年的后续调查。在这些INDEPTH人口和健康监测点（DHSS）进行研究将使我们能够将我们的数据与研究参与者的人口、经济和健康措施的大量历史相结合。持续监测将提供死亡率和死因信息。我们的移民将被跟踪和采访；这方面的初步研究在三个场址证明是成功的。该项目的目标是将家庭收入、支出和工作的衡量标准纳入对三个国家人口健康和福祉的纵向调查，然后利用这些衡量标准确定健康和功能对老年人经济成果和福祉的影响。该项目与本提案中的其他项目密切相关。本项目产生的收入和经济福利指标将被用作影响身体和认知功能（项目1）、心脏代谢紊乱（项目2）和艾滋病毒发病率和治疗（项目3）的因素。艾滋病毒/艾滋病对健康的影响提出了一些特殊问题，并在项目3中进行了研究。本项目的具体目标是：1。衡量和描述撒哈拉以南非洲三个社区老年人老龄化、健康、经济成果和福祉之间的关系。研究三个人群中健康对工作、收入和幸福感的因果关系。衡量目标将在提供有关撒哈拉以南非洲老年人的健康和经济数据方面具有创新性，这也将在制定一种从家庭资产所有权中创建收入衡量方法方面具有创新性，这种方法将使我们能够将来自三个地点的现有资产数据与我们将拥有的综合收入和支出联系起来。在目标2中，我们将采用新方法进行创新，以确定健康对收入的影响。这些方法包括利用参与过去的研究和现场干预措施（高血压检测和转诊，以及计划生育干预）来确定偶然机制。

Project 4: Economic Well being and Productivity The goal of this study is to measure the impact of ill health and functional limitations on economic circumstances and wellbeing within communities in Navrongo, Ghana; Agincourt, South Africa; and Ifakara, Tanzania. We plan baseline surveys in each country with a three year follow-up in Agincourt in year five. Undertaking the study in these INDEPTH Demographic and Health Surveillance Sites (DHSS) will allow us to combine our data with a substantial history of demographic, economic, and health measures for study participants. Ongoing surveillance will provide mortality and cause of death information. Out migrants will be followed and interviewed; pilot studies on this have proved successful in the three sites. The objective of this project is to introduce measures of household income and expenditure and work into a longitudinal survey of health and wellbeing in three INDEPTH cohorts, and to then use these measures to identify the effect of health and functioning on economic outcomes and wellbeing among the elderly. This project is closely linked to the other projects in this proposal. The measures of income and economic well-being generated in this project will be used as factors that affect physical and cognitive functioning (Project 1), cardiometabolic disorders (Project 2), and HIV incidence and treatment (Project 3). The effect of HIV/AIDS on wellbeing raises special issues and is examined in Project 3. The specific aims of this project are: 1. To measure and describe the relationship between aging, health, economic outcomes and wellbeing of older people across three communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2. To study the causal effect of health on work, income, and wellbeing in the three populations. The measurement aim will be innovative in providing linked health and economic data on older people in Sub-Saharan Africa, this also innovative in developing a methodology for creating income measures from household asset ownership in a way that will allow us link existing asset data from the three sites to the comprehensive income and expenditure we will have. In aim 2 we will innovate by using novel methods to identify health to income effects. These include using participation in past studies and interventions in the sites (testing and referral for hypertension, and a family planning intervention) to identify casual mechanisms.