ECONOMIC WELL-BEING AND PRODUCTIVITY

项目 4：经济福祉和生产力 这项研究的目标是衡量健康状况不佳和功能限制对加纳纳夫龙戈社区内经济状况和福祉的影响；南非阿金库尔；和坦桑尼亚伊法卡拉。我们计划在每个国家进行基线调查，并在第五年在阿金库尔进行为期三年的后续调查。在这些 INDEPTH 人口统计和健康监测站点 (DHSS) 中开展研究将使我们能够将我们的数据与研究参与者的人口、经济和健康指标的大量历史记录相结合。持续监测将提供死亡率和死因信息。外出移民将受到跟踪和采访；事实证明，这方面的试点研究在三个地点取得了成功。该项目的目标是将家庭收入、支出和工作的衡量标准引入三个 INDEPTH 队列的健康和福祉纵向调查中，然后利用这些衡量标准来确定老年人的健康和功能对经济成果和福祉的影响。该项目与本提案中的其他项目密切相关。该项目中产生的收入和经济福祉指标将用作影响身体和认知功能（项目 1）、心脏代谢紊乱（项目 2）以及艾滋病毒发病率和治疗（项目 3）的因素。艾滋病毒/艾滋病对福祉的影响提出了特殊问题，并在项目 3 中进行了研究。该项目的具体目标是： 1. 衡量和描述撒哈拉以南非洲三个社区老年人的老龄化、健康、经济成果和福祉之间的关系。 2. 研究健康对三个人群的工作、收入和福祉的因果影响。该衡量目标将在提供撒哈拉以南非洲老年人的相关健康和经济数据方面具有创新性，这在开发一种根据家庭资产所有权创建收入衡量标准的方法方面也具有创新性，该方法将使我们能够将三个地点的现有资产数据与我们将拥有的综合收入和支出联系起来。在目标 2 中，我们将通过使用新颖的方法来识别健康对收入的影响来进行创新。其中包括利用参与过去的研究和现场干预（高血压测试和转诊以及计划生育干预）来确定偶然机制。

Project 4: Economic Well being and Productivity The goal of this study is to measure the impact of ill health and functional limitations on economic circumstances and wellbeing within communities in Navrongo, Ghana; Agincourt, South Africa; and Ifakara, Tanzania. We plan baseline surveys in each country with a three year follow-up in Agincourt in year five. Undertaking the study in these INDEPTH Demographic and Health Surveillance Sites (DHSS) will allow us to combine our data with a substantial history of demographic, economic, and health measures for study participants. Ongoing surveillance will provide mortality and cause of death information. Out migrants will be followed and interviewed; pilot studies on this have proved successful in the three sites. The objective of this project is to introduce measures of household income and expenditure and work into a longitudinal survey of health and wellbeing in three INDEPTH cohorts, and to then use these measures to identify the effect of health and functioning on economic outcomes and wellbeing among the elderly. This project is closely linked to the other projects in this proposal. The measures of income and economic well-being generated in this project will be used as factors that affect physical and cognitive functioning (Project 1), cardiometabolic disorders (Project 2), and HIV incidence and treatment (Project 3). The effect of HIV/AIDS on wellbeing raises special issues and is examined in Project 3. The specific aims of this project are: 1. To measure and describe the relationship between aging, health, economic outcomes and wellbeing of older people across three communities in Sub-Saharan Africa. 2. To study the causal effect of health on work, income, and wellbeing in the three populations. The measurement aim will be innovative in providing linked health and economic data on older people in Sub-Saharan Africa, this also innovative in developing a methodology for creating income measures from household asset ownership in a way that will allow us link existing asset data from the three sites to the comprehensive income and expenditure we will have. In aim 2 we will innovate by using novel methods to identify health to income effects. These include using participation in past studies and interventions in the sites (testing and referral for hypertension, and a family planning intervention) to identify casual mechanisms.