Public Policies to Improve Healthy Aging

项目4：研究计划-摘要 该项目的目标是了解公共政策如何影响老年男性和女性的健康， Agincourt社区，一个健康和社会人口监测系统，南非。 我们的基线波5,059名男性和女性≥40非洲的健康和老龄化：纵向研究 INDEPTH社区（HAALSI）的一项研究发现，在一些健康状况方面存在着强烈的社会经济梯度， 从特定的慢性疾病到身体和认知功能的测量结果。我们的关键 假设公共政策可以改善人口健康，减少健康差距，特别是 在老年人中。南非有几个积极的和拟议的新的公共政策， 社会赠款和公共卫生措施，使其成为一个有趣的研究试验台。这些政策 与美国的公共政策有直接关系。HAALSI基线的初步研究结果发现， 随着家庭规模的增加，老年人的健康状况也在急剧增加，这使我们假设老年人的健康状况是一个长期的问题。 家庭内部的公共利益，而不是私人利益，这可能解释了大量的 社会赠款对健康的影响。我们将研究如何根据年龄的变化， 影响健康。基线研究还发现，老年人对某些赠款的使用率很低，我们将研究 这其中的原因。除了社会赠款外，南非还推出了新的糖政策- 加工食品中的甜饮料和盐。2002年项目2对盐法的评估进行了评估。 与生物标志物和健康的关系，以及项目5的投入。在项目5中，我们的目标是研究这些 政策影响与食品和饮料消费以及含糖饮料有关的行为 消费，政策如何影响肥胖。该项目有四个具体目标： 目的1：测量和描述社会经济条件与健康之间的关系 和老年人的福祉。 目的2：探讨健康作为家庭公益的概念。我们将研究变化的影响， 个人健康对其他家庭成员和家庭健康生产的影响 功能 目标3：确定社会赠款如何影响南非阿金库尔老年人的健康， 查明符合资格的老年人不领取赠款的原因 的搜索. 目的4：评估对含糖饮料征收新税和限制 加工食品中的盐对消费和健康风险因素的影响。

Project 4: Research Plan—Abstract The goal of this project is to understand how public policies affect the health of older men and women in the Agincourt Community, a Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), South Africa. Our baseline wave of 5,059 men and women ≥40 for the Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal Studies of an INDEPTH Community (HAALSI) study found a strong socioeconomic gradient in a number of health outcomes from specific chronic conditions to measures of physical and cognitive function. Our key hypothesis is that public policies can improve population health and reduce health disparities, especially among older men and women. South Africa has several active and proposed new public policies in the form of social grants and public health measures that make it an interesting testbed for study. These policies have direct relevance for US public policy. Initial findings from the HAALSI baseline found that health of the elderly was strongly increasing with family size, leading us to the hypothesis that older peoples' health is a public good within the family rather than a private good, and which may explain disproportionally large effects on health from social grants. We will investigate how changes in eligibility for grants based on age affect health. The baseline study also found low take up of some grants by the elderly and we will examine the reasons for this. In addition to social grants, South Africa is introducing new policies on sugar- sweetened drinks and salt in processed foods. Evaluation of salt legislation is evaluated in Project 2 in relation to biomarkers and health with input from Project 5. In Project 5, we aim to investigate how these policies affect behaviors related to food and drink consumption and with regard to sugar-sweetened drink consumption, how the policy impacts obesity. This project has four specific aims: AIM 1: To measure and describe the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and the health and wellbeing of older people in Agincourt, South Africa. AIM 2: To explore the concept of heath as a family public good. We will study the effect of changes in individual health on the wellbeing of other family members and the household health production function. AIM 3: To determine how social grants affect the health of the elderly in Agincourt, South Africa, and ascertain the reasons for non-take-up of grants among older people who appear to meet eligibility criteria. AIM 4: To assess the effect of the introduction of new taxes on sugar-sweetened drinks and limits on salt in processed foods on consumption and health risk factors.