Public Policies to Improve Healthy Aging

项目4：研究计划-摘要 该项目的目标是了解公共政策如何影响老年人的健康。 阿金考特社区，健康和社会人口监测系统，南非。 我们对非洲健康和老龄化的5,059名男性和女性≥40的基线浪潮：纵向研究 INDEPTH社区(HAALSI)的一项研究发现，在许多健康人群中， 从特定慢性病的结果到身体和认知功能的测量。我们的钥匙 假设是，公共政策可以改善人口健康，缩小健康差距，特别是 在年长的男性和女性中。南非有几项积极的和拟议中的新公共政策 社会补助和公共卫生措施，使它成为一个有趣的研究试验台。这些政策 与美国公共政策直接相关。HAALSI基线的初步调查结果发现， 老年人随着家庭规模的扩大而强劲增长，这让我们得出这样的假设：老年人的健康是一种 家庭内部的公共利益，而不是私人利益，这可能解释了不成比例的巨大 社会补助对健康的影响。我们将调查基于年龄的补助金资格的变化 影响健康。基线研究亦发现长者对部分津贴的使用率偏低，我们会研究 出现这种情况的原因。除了社会补助，南非还推出了关于糖的新政策-- 加工食品中的加糖饮料和盐。年的项目2对盐法的评估进行了评估。 与生物标记物和健康的关系。在项目5中，我们的目标是调查这些 政策影响与食品和饮料消费以及含糖饮料有关的行为 消费，这项政策如何影响肥胖。该项目有四个具体目标： 目标1：测量和描述社会经济状况与健康之间的关系 和南非阿金库尔老年人的福祉。 目的2：探讨健康作为一种家庭公益的概念。我们将研究以下变化的影响 个人健康对其他家庭成员福祉和家庭健康生产的影响 功能。 目标3：确定社会补助如何影响南非阿金库尔老年人的健康，以及 确定似乎符合资格的老年人不领取补助金的原因 标准。 目标4：评估对含糖饮料开征新税的影响和限制 加工食品中盐的摄入量和健康风险因素。

Project 4: Research Plan—Abstract The goal of this project is to understand how public policies affect the health of older men and women in the Agincourt Community, a Health and Socio-Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), South Africa. Our baseline wave of 5,059 men and women ≥40 for the Health and Aging in Africa: Longitudinal Studies of an INDEPTH Community (HAALSI) study found a strong socioeconomic gradient in a number of health outcomes from specific chronic conditions to measures of physical and cognitive function. Our key hypothesis is that public policies can improve population health and reduce health disparities, especially among older men and women. South Africa has several active and proposed new public policies in the form of social grants and public health measures that make it an interesting testbed for study. These policies have direct relevance for US public policy. Initial findings from the HAALSI baseline found that health of the elderly was strongly increasing with family size, leading us to the hypothesis that older peoples' health is a public good within the family rather than a private good, and which may explain disproportionally large effects on health from social grants. We will investigate how changes in eligibility for grants based on age affect health. The baseline study also found low take up of some grants by the elderly and we will examine the reasons for this. In addition to social grants, South Africa is introducing new policies on sugar- sweetened drinks and salt in processed foods. Evaluation of salt legislation is evaluated in Project 2 in relation to biomarkers and health with input from Project 5. In Project 5, we aim to investigate how these policies affect behaviors related to food and drink consumption and with regard to sugar-sweetened drink consumption, how the policy impacts obesity. This project has four specific aims: AIM 1: To measure and describe the relationship between socioeconomic conditions and the health and wellbeing of older people in Agincourt, South Africa. AIM 2: To explore the concept of heath as a family public good. We will study the effect of changes in individual health on the wellbeing of other family members and the household health production function. AIM 3: To determine how social grants affect the health of the elderly in Agincourt, South Africa, and ascertain the reasons for non-take-up of grants among older people who appear to meet eligibility criteria. AIM 4: To assess the effect of the introduction of new taxes on sugar-sweetened drinks and limits on salt in processed foods on consumption and health risk factors.