African and European Descent, Ocular Blood Flow and Glaucoma Progression

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DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The objective of this study is to investigate the role of the vascular risk factors in explaining why individuals of African descent (AD) are disproportionately affected by glaucoma compared to individuals of European descent (ED). Studies have suggested that ocular blood flow plays a significant role in the evolution of glaucomatous damage in some individuals. It is also well known that persons of AD have an increased prevalence of systemic and cerebral vascular diseases. Given these findings, this study is designed to investigate if abnormal ocular perfusion pressure and blood flow in persons of AD with glaucoma contribute to the differences observed in the prevalence and progression of glaucoma in the AD population. This investigation involves a carefully designed secondary analysis of the existing data from the Indianapolis Glaucoma Progression Study (IGPS). This study is unique in that it is the only long- term prospective observational study that investigates the relationship between ocular perfusion and blood flow and structural and functional glaucoma progression. The 113 open-angle glaucoma patients enrolled in the IGPS receive a comprehensive ocular blood flow and perfusion parameters assessment alongside comprehensive clinical markers of glaucoma progression. Extensive clinical and hemodynamic measures were identically assessed at two identical baseline visits one week apart followed by biannual visits over a 3 year period. At each visit, patients underwent comprehensive testing including: multiple measures of intraocular pressure (Goldmann and Psacal), visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, ultrasonic corneal pachymetry of central corneal thickness, height, weight, body mass index, blood pressure, heart rate, medical history, visual field testing (using standard automated perimetry), Fourier domain Doppler optical coherence tomography (FD-OCT) with total retinal blood flow assessment, Stratus optical coherence tomography (OCT) structural imaging, Heidelberg retina tomography III, color Doppler imaging of the retrobulbar blood vessels, confocal scanning laser Doppler flowmetry of retinal capillaries, ocular perfusion pressure calculations, refraction, Pascal applanation (ocular pulse amplitude) and medical questionnaires. The proposed secondary data analysis will analyze the relationship between structural and functional disease progression and ocular perfusion pressure and blood flow, and investigate the differences between AD and ED glaucoma populations. Identifying distinct differences in vascular parameters between individuals of AD and ED will provide valuable insight into determining the mechanisms of disparity in glaucoma prevalence and progression in persons of AD.