A neuronal process of the error signal that drives saccade adaptation

驱动扫视适应的误差信号的神经元过程

• 批准号: 8595698
• 负责人: Yoshiko Kojima
• 金额: $ 44.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8595698
• 关键词: Affect; Aging; Agonist; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellar cortex structure; Cerebellar vermis structure; Characteristics; Code; Complex; Contralateral; Delayed Memory; Error Sources; Exhibits; Fiber; Goals; Inferior; Injection of therapeutic agent; Injury; Ipsilateral; Maintenance; Memory; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Muscimol; Muscle; Neurons; Olives - dietary; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Play; Process; Property; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Route; Saccades; Scanning; Sensory; Side; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stroke; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Wit; improved; insight; motor deficit; neural circuit; neuromechanism; oculomotor; preference; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; vector

Project Summary/Abstract Motor adaptation is an important factor in the recovery of function following motor deficits associated with neural damage due to stroke, injury or aging. Such motor recovery or adaptation, is instructed by an error signal that is calculated by the brain from the mismatch between the desired movement and the actual movement produced. However, the brain circuits that process specific error signal(s) are not understood. The long-term goal of my research is to identify the neural mechanisms that process error signals to optimize sensory-motor behavior. Understanding these mechanisms and the circuitry underlying them will assist in devising rehabilitation therapies for motor deficits. We have approached our goal by using monkey saccadic eye movements, which provide an ideal model because saccades are precise, use only a few muscles, the associated brainstem neural circuit has been well documented and they can be made to undergo motor adaptation by means of well-established behavioral paradigms. Thus far, we know that complex spike firing in the oculomotor vermis (OMV) encodes motor error and that the OMV is required for adaptation of targeting saccades. Complex spikes in the OMV originate in a part of the inferior olive that receives a projection from the superior colliculus (SC). Previously, we have shown that electrical micro-stimulation of the SC, timed to mimic visual error signals, induces saccade adaptation. Thus, the SC appears to be an important part of the error signal pathway. In this study, we propose three projects to test the involvement of the SC in coding an error signal for saccade adaptation. The first project is directed at determining whether the SC is required for adaptation of targeting saccades. We will inactivate the SC reversibly during which time we predict that the monkey will be unable to adapt its saccades when subjected to a behavioral adaptation paradigm. The second project is directed at identifying correlates in SC visual activity with the visual error signal that drives adaptation. We will look for correlations of SC visual activity with error size (small errors drive adaptation better than large ones) and with adaptation rate, which decreases as adaptation progresses. The third project will determine whether the SC is also used for adaptation of other types of saccade, including memory-guided, delayed, scanning and express. We will electrically stimulate the SC after one of these different types to mimic an error signal and determine whether, as for targeting saccades, this artificial error causes adaptation. If it does, we will test whether the adaptation transfers to the other types. We anticipate that together the results of these three projects will help establish a previously unsuspected role for the SC in saccade adaptation.

项目概要/摘要 运动适应是运动缺陷相关功能恢复的重要因素 由于中风、受伤或衰老而导致神经损伤。这种电机恢复或适应是由错误指示的 大脑根据期望运动与实际运动之间的不匹配计算出的信号 产生的运动。然而，处理特定错误信号的大脑回路尚不清楚。这 我研究的长期目标是确定处理误差信号以优化的神经机制 感觉运动行为。了解这些机制及其背后的电路将有助于 设计针对运动缺陷的康复疗法。 我们通过使用猴子扫视眼球运动来实现我们的目标，这提供了理想的 由于眼跳是精确的，仅使用少量肌肉，因此相关的脑干神经回路具有 已被充分记录，并且可以通过完善的方法使它们进行运动适应 行为范式。到目前为止，我们知道动眼蚓部 (OMV) 中复杂的尖峰放电编码 运动错误，并且需要 OMV 来适应目标扫视。 OMV 中的复杂尖峰 起源于接受上丘 (SC) 投射的下橄榄部分。之前， 我们已经证明，对 SC 进行电微刺激，定时模仿视觉误差信号，会诱发眼跳 适应。因此，SC 似乎是误差信号通路的重要组成部分。 在本研究中，我们提出了三个项目来测试 SC 参与编码错误信号的过程 眼跳适应。第一个项目旨在确定是否需要 SC 来适应 目标眼跳。我们将可逆地灭活 SC，在此期间我们预测猴子将 当受到行为适应范式的影响时，无法适应其眼跳。第二个项目是 旨在识别 SC 视觉活动与驱动适应的视觉误差信号的相关性。我们将 寻找 SC 视觉活动与错误大小的相关性（小错误比大错误更能促进适应） 以及适应率，随着适应的进展而降低。第三个项目将确定是否 SC 还用于适应其他类型的扫视，包括记忆引导、延迟、扫描和 表达。我们将在这些不同类型之一之后对 SC 进行电刺激，以模拟错误信号并 确定对于目标扫视，这种人为错误是否会导致适应。如果是这样，我们将测试 适应是否转移到其他类型。我们预计这三者的结果 项目将有助于建立 SC 在眼跳适应中以前未被怀疑的作用。