A neuronal process of the error signal that drives saccade adaptation

驱动扫视适应的误差信号的神经元过程

• 批准号: 8595698
• 负责人: Yoshiko Kojima
• 金额: $ 44.5万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-08-01 至 2018-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8595698
• 关键词: Affect; Aging; Agonist; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Paradigm; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebellar cortex structure; Cerebellar vermis structure; Characteristics; Code; Complex; Contralateral; Delayed Memory; Error Sources; Exhibits; Fiber; Goals; Inferior; Injection of therapeutic agent; Injury; Ipsilateral; Maintenance; Memory; Modeling; Monkeys; Motor; Movement; Muscimol; Muscle; Neurons; Olives - dietary; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Play; Process; Property; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Rehabilitation therapy; Relative (related person); Research; Role; Route; Saccades; Scanning; Sensory; Side; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Stimulus; Stroke; Testing; Time; Training; Visual; Wit; improved; insight; motor deficit; neural circuit; neuromechanism; oculomotor; preference; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; superior colliculus Corpora quadrigemina; vector

Project Summary/Abstract Motor adaptation is an important factor in the recovery of function following motor deficits associated with neural damage due to stroke, injury or aging. Such motor recovery or adaptation, is instructed by an error signal that is calculated by the brain from the mismatch between the desired movement and the actual movement produced. However, the brain circuits that process specific error signal(s) are not understood. The long-term goal of my research is to identify the neural mechanisms that process error signals to optimize sensory-motor behavior. Understanding these mechanisms and the circuitry underlying them will assist in devising rehabilitation therapies for motor deficits. We have approached our goal by using monkey saccadic eye movements, which provide an ideal model because saccades are precise, use only a few muscles, the associated brainstem neural circuit has been well documented and they can be made to undergo motor adaptation by means of well-established behavioral paradigms. Thus far, we know that complex spike firing in the oculomotor vermis (OMV) encodes motor error and that the OMV is required for adaptation of targeting saccades. Complex spikes in the OMV originate in a part of the inferior olive that receives a projection from the superior colliculus (SC). Previously, we have shown that electrical micro-stimulation of the SC, timed to mimic visual error signals, induces saccade adaptation. Thus, the SC appears to be an important part of the error signal pathway. In this study, we propose three projects to test the involvement of the SC in coding an error signal for saccade adaptation. The first project is directed at determining whether the SC is required for adaptation of targeting saccades. We will inactivate the SC reversibly during which time we predict that the monkey will be unable to adapt its saccades when subjected to a behavioral adaptation paradigm. The second project is directed at identifying correlates in SC visual activity with the visual error signal that drives adaptation. We will look for correlations of SC visual activity with error size (small errors drive adaptation better than large ones) and with adaptation rate, which decreases as adaptation progresses. The third project will determine whether the SC is also used for adaptation of other types of saccade, including memory-guided, delayed, scanning and express. We will electrically stimulate the SC after one of these different types to mimic an error signal and determine whether, as for targeting saccades, this artificial error causes adaptation. If it does, we will test whether the adaptation transfers to the other types. We anticipate that together the results of these three projects will help establish a previously unsuspected role for the SC in saccade adaptation.

项目摘要/摘要 电动机适应是与运动缺陷相关的功能恢复的重要因素 由于中风，受伤或衰老而导致神经损害。这种运动恢复或适应性是通过错误指示的 由大脑根据所需运动与实际的不匹配而计算的信号 动作产生。但是，尚不了解处理特定误差信号的大脑电路。这 我的研究的长期目标是确定处理错误信号以优化的神经机制 感觉运动行为。了解这些机制以及它们的电路将有助于 为运动缺陷设计康复疗法。 我们已经通过使用猴子的眼球运动来实现我们的目标，这提供了理想的 模型因为扫视精确，只使用几个肌肉，相关的脑干神经回路具有 已经有充分的文献记载，可以通过公认的 行为范式。到目前为止，我们知道动眼刺（OMV）中的复杂尖峰发射编码 运动误差，并且OMV是针对靶向扫视所必需的。 OMV中的复杂尖峰 起源于从上丘（SC）获得投影的下橄榄的一部分。之前， 我们已经表明，SC的电气微刺激，与模拟视觉误差信号的时机，引起扫视 适应。因此，SC似乎是误差信号途径的重要组成部分。 在这项研究中，我们提出了三个项目，以测试SC参与编码错误信号的参与 扫视适应。第一个项目旨在确定是否需要SC进行适应 针对扫视。我们将使SC可逆地灭活，在此期间，我们预测猴子将是 经受行为适应范式的影响，无法适应其扫视。第二个项目是 旨在识别SC视觉活动中的相关性与驱动适应性的视觉误差信号相关。我们将 寻找SC视觉活动与误差尺寸的相关性（小错误驱动适应性比大型驱动更好） 并随着适应速率，随着适应性的进行而降低。第三个项目将确定是否 SC还用于适应其他类型的扫视，包括内存引导，延迟，扫描和 表达。我们将在其中一种不同类型的一种以模拟误差信号和 确定靶向扫视是否会导致适应性。如果是这样，我们将测试 适应是否会转移到其他类型。我们预料到这三个的结果 项目将有助于在扫视适应中确立SC的先前未知的角色。