Neural correlates of 3D visual orientation

3D 视觉定向的神经关联

• 批准号: 8454720
• 负责人: Dora Angelaki
• 金额: $ 39.13万
• 依托单位: BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-02-01 至 2016-01-21
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8454720
• 关键词: Agonist; Anterior; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Binocular Vision; Brain; Cells; Chemicals; Code; Cues; Data; Data Set; Dependence; Development; Dimensions; Discrimination; Electrodes; Environment; Hand; Head; Health; Human; Image; Individual; Left; Lesion; Link; Macaca; Maintenance; Measures; Mental disorders; Monkeys; Movement; Muscimol; Neurons; Outcome; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Perception; Performance; Population; Positioning Attribute; Probability; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Retina; Retinal; Role; Saccades; Signal Detection Analysis; Stimulus; Surface; Techniques; Testing; Texture; Vision; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual system structure; Work; base; cognitive function; ergonomics; extrastriate visual cortex; grasp; information processing; insight; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; practical application; preference; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; two-dimensional; virtual; visual information

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We can see things in three dimensions (3D) because the visual system reconstructs the 3D configuration of objects from their two-dimensional images projected onto the retina. Previous studies have described loss of 3D binocular vision and constructional apraxia after parietal lesions, although the neurophysiology of this effect remains poorly understood. Many studies have characterized the neural basis of binocular disparity processing, although few have dealt with the representation of 3D surface orientation. The proposed studies use a multi-faceted approach and promise to provide important insights into the role of the parietal cortex in 3D vision and visual orientation constancy. Specifically, i the proposed studies we examine neural selectivity for 3D surface orientation by presenting planar stimuli with different 3D orientations while neuronal responses are recorded from the caudal intraparietal area (CIP), anterior intraparietal area (AIP) and area V3a of macaque monkeys. We employ a multi-faceted approach, combining neural recordings, behavior, population decoding & chemical inactivation. Neurons in these areas are tuned to tilt manipulations in surface orientation, as defined by either binocular disparity or linear perspective and texture gradients. Here we test whether tuning of V3a/CIP/AIP neurons represents all combinations of tilt and slant, as well as whether tilt and slant tuning curves are independent of the defining cue, stimulus position in the frontoparallel plane and in depth. Furthermore, we also explore the role of this area in visual orientation constancy, i.e., the abiliy to maintain the percept of the scene as a whole stably oriented as head/body orientation changes in the world. We hypothesize that, through a combination of partial tuning curve shifts and gain changes, population activity in CIP and AIP achieves visual orientation constancy. This would allow a representation of the 3D orientation of objects in world coordinates, a property that is necessary to implement many of our interactions with the environment. In addition, we will use Fisher information analyses to compute how population thresholds vary as a function of tilt and slant reference orientation. We hypothesize that the properties of CIP/AIP neurons can predict behavioral thresholds and their dependence on reference orientation. Finally, we will directly test for a causal role of each of these areas in slant discrimination by first recording ad then manipulating neural activity while macaques perform a fine slant discrimination task. Neural firing rates will be analyzed using signal detection theory and neuronal sensitivity will be compared to behavioral sensitivity. Using the same dataset, we will also compute 'choice probabilities' to establish whether trial-to-trial variability in neuronal responses is correlated ith variability in perceptual choices. We will then probe for causal links between neurons in these areas and 3D surface orientation perception by employing reversible inactivation. Together, these studies constitute a state-of-the-art multi-faceted approach and will provide a vital test of the hypothesis that this circuit contributes to 3D vision.

描述（由申请人提供）：我们可以看到三维 (3D) 物体，因为视觉系统根据投射到视网膜上的二维图像重建物体的 3D 结构。先前的研究已经描述了顶叶损伤后 3D 双眼视觉丧失和结构性失用症，尽管这种效应的神经生理学仍然知之甚少。尽管很少有研究涉及 3D 表面方向的表示，但许多研究已经描述了双眼视差处理的神经基础。拟议的研究采用多方面的方法，有望为顶叶皮层在 3D 视觉和视觉方向恒定性中的作用提供重要的见解。具体来说，在拟议的研究中，我们通过呈现不同 3D 方向的平面刺激来检查 3D 表面方向的神经选择性，同时记录猕猴尾部顶内区域 (CIP)、前顶内区域 (AIP) 和 V3a 区域的神经元反应。我们采用多方面的方法，结合神经记录、行为、群体解码和化学灭活。这些区域中的神经元被调整为表面方向的倾斜操作，如双眼视差或线性透视和纹理梯度所定义的。在这里，我们测试 V3a/CIP/AIP 神经元的调谐是否代表倾斜和倾斜的所有组合，以及倾斜和倾斜调谐曲线是否独立于定义提示、额平行平面和深度中的刺激位置。此外，我们还探讨了该区域在视觉方向稳定性中的作用，即随着世界中头部/身体方向的变化，保持对整个场景的感知稳定的能力。我们假设，通过部分调谐曲线移动和增益变化的组合，CIP 和 AIP 中的群体活动实现了视觉方向的恒定性。这将允许在世界坐标中表示对象的 3D 方向，这是实现我们与环境的许多交互所必需的属性。此外，我们将使用费舍尔信息分析来计算人口阈值如何随着倾斜和倾斜参考方向的变化而变化。我们假设 CIP/AIP 神经元的特性可以预测行为阈值及其对参考方向的依赖性。最后，我们将通过首先记录广告然后在猕猴执行精细的倾斜辨别任务时操纵神经活动来直接测试每个区域在倾斜辨别中的因果作用。将使用信号检测理论分析神经放电率，并将神经元敏感性 与行为敏感性相比。使用相同的数据集，我们还将计算“选择概率”，以确定神经元反应的试验间变异性是否与感知选择的变异性相关。然后，我们将通过采用可逆失活来探索这些区域的神经元与 3D 表面方向感知之间的因果关系。这些研究共同构成了最先进的多方面方法，并将提供重要的测试 假设该电路有助于 3D 视觉。