Acquisition and extinction of affective bias in perception

感知中情感偏差的获得和消除

• 批准号: 8452069
• 负责人: MINGZHOU DING
• 金额: $ 33.35万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-04-02 至 2017-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8452069
• 关键词: Address; Affective; Algorithms; Amygdaloid structure; Anger; Animals; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Area; Attention; Behavior; Behavioral; Biomedical Engineering; Brain; Brain region; Categories; Clinical; Clinical Research; Cognitive; Computing Methodologies; Cues; Diagnostic; Discrimination; Disease; Electroencephalogram; Emotional; Emotions; Etiology; Event; Evolution; Extinction (Psychology); Face; Fright; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Galvanic Skin Response; Goals; Heart Rate; Human; Insula of Reil; Interdisciplinary Study; Knowledge; Laboratories; Learning; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Mental Health; Mental disorders; Methods; Modeling; Mood Disorders; Neuroanatomy; Neurons; Neurosciences; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Perception; Physiological; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Psychophysiology; Research Project Grants; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Snakes; Spiders; Stimulus; Symptoms; Testing; Time; Training; Validation; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; base; conditioned fear; conditioning; emotional experience; emotional stimulus; experience; human data; indexing; learning extinction; neurofeedback; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; novel; relating to nervous system; response; stimulus processing; treatment effect; visual information; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Clinical neuroscience studies have suggested that dysfunctional reactivity of the brain circuits mediating emotion may be a key factor in the etiology and maintenance of many psychiatric disorders. It is also well established that the sensory cortical response to emotional stimuli is an important part of a cascade of events - physiological, cognitive, and behavioral - that define emotional reactivity in humans. For instance, anxiety patients show visual responses that are both biased towards threat cues and lacking discriminative accuracy. Mechanistic knowledge is needed that addresses the question of how such perceptual biases towards threat features are acquired (and unlearned) in the human visual system. This has been difficult because reliable methods to quantify single trials of neural activity are not available at this time. In this multidisciplinary research project, we propose to use novel computational and experimental approaches to fill this gap. We aim to objectively characterize and quantify - on a trial by trial basis - the temporal evolution of neura changes in the human visual system that accompany the acquisition and extinction of conditioned fear. An objective and reliable description of the time course of visual changes during fear learning will assist in ongoing efforts aiming to develop objective diagnostic categories of fear disorders, to understand and quantify effects of treatment, and to develop new forms of attention/perception trainings in the fear and anxiety disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：临床神经科学研究表明，调节情绪的脑回路的功能障碍反应可能是许多精神疾病的病因和维持的关键因素。人们也公认，感觉皮层对情绪刺激的反应是一系列事件（生理、认知和行为）的重要组成部分，这些事件定义了人类的情绪反应。例如，焦虑症患者表现出的视觉反应既偏向于威胁线索，又缺乏辨别准确性。机械知识是必要的，解决了这样的感知偏见的威胁功能是如何获得（和unlearned）在人类视觉系统的问题。这是困难的，因为目前还没有可靠的方法来量化神经活动的单一试验。在这个多学科的研究项目中，我们建议使用新的计算和实验方法来填补这一空白。我们的目标是客观地描述和量化--在逐个试验的基础上--人类视觉系统中神经元变化的时间演变，这些变化伴随着条件性恐惧的获得和消失。一个客观和可靠的描述的时间过程中的视觉变化的恐惧学习将有助于正在进行的努力，旨在发展客观的诊断类别的恐惧症，理解和量化的治疗效果，并开发新形式的注意力/知觉训练的恐惧和焦虑症。