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Timing, reward processing and choice

时间安排、奖励处理和选择

基本信息

批准号：
8417008
负责人：
Kimberly Kirkpatrick
金额：
$ 24.62万
依托单位：
KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-05-20 至 2015-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8417008
关键词：
Address Affect Alcohol dependence Animals Area Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Behavior Choice Behavior Clinical Development Diet Disease Drug Addiction Drug usage Environment Exhibits Foundations Future Gambling Health Human Impulsivity Individual Individual Differences Intervention Lead Lesion Life Style Link Methods Nature Nucleus Accumbens Outcome Pathway interactions Personal Satisfaction Personality Disorders Pharmaceutical Preparations Play Process Rattus Relative (related person)Research Rewards Risk Risk-Taking Role Schedule Self-control as a personality trait Source Structure System Techniques Therapeutic Therapeutic Intervention Time Time Perception Variant addiction base career design discounting drug addict endophenotype experience improved neurotoxic public health relevance reinforcer research study reward processing screening theories therapeutic target

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Outcomes that are delayed tend to be less valuable than more immediate outcomes because waiting is associated with risk; this phenomenon is known as temporal discounting. However, there are occasions where waiting can be worthwhile, especially when the delayed outcome is much more valuable than the immediate outcome. People and animals are frequently confronted with choices between outcomes that may differ in delay and amount. There are a number of individual difference variables that are associated with differences in discounting rates including Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AHDH), drug addiction, and gambling. Impulsive individuals are less able to wait for outcomes and thus show a bias to choose shorter-delayed options even when those outcomes are much less profitable. As a result, impulsivity increases the risk of poor lifestyle choices (e.g., poor diet, gambling, drug taking) and inept money management. The present proposal seeks to advance the understanding of temporal discounting and impulsive choice by implementing screening methods to identify the source of impulsive choice. This research is driven by the observation that there are two distinct pathways to impulsivity, one through deficits in reward processing and one through deficits in temporal processing. Initial studies will develop methods for screening individuals for impulsive tendencies and identifying the key deficits associated with impulsivity in the timing and/or reward processing systems. An additional set of studies will develop targeted therapeutic interventions to redress deficits in timing and/or reward processing. Such treatments could be applied to individuals exhibiting disorders such as ADHD, and with normal individuals with a tendency towards impulsive choice to reduce the risk of the pursuit of poor lifestyle choices such as drug use/abuse, gambling, etc. A final set of studies will examine the mechanisms that underlie the effect of reward processing on choice by pinpointing the nature of the deficits in reward processing associated with neurotoxic lesions of the nucleus accumbens core, which has been identified as the primary candidate structure for the computation of reward value in temporal discounting. Determining the exact nature of the reward processing deficits associated with nucleus accumbens lesions will promote the further development of targeted therapeutic techniques for use with ADHD and other disorders that undermine self-control. The combined set of studies will significantly advance our understanding of factors that promote self- control vs. impulsive choice in temporal discounting tasks and provide a significant foundation for the development of specific therapeutic techniques designed to target the key systems involved in the computation of reward value in impulsive choice situations.

描述（由申请人提供）：延迟的结果往往不如更直接的结果有价值，因为等待与风险有关;这种现象被称为时间折扣。然而，在某些情况下，等待是值得的，特别是当延迟的结果比立即的结果更有价值时。人类和动物经常面临在延迟和数量上可能不同的结果之间做出选择。有许多个体差异变量与折扣率的差异相关，包括注意力缺陷/多动障碍（AHDH），药物成瘾和赌博。冲动型的人不太能够等待结果，因此即使这些结果的利润要少得多，他们也会倾向于选择延迟时间较短的选项。因此，冲动增加了不良生活方式选择的风险（例如，不良饮食、赌博、吸毒）和不善于理财。本研究旨在通过实施筛选方法来识别冲动选择的来源，从而促进对时间折扣和冲动选择的理解。这项研究是由观察驱动的，有两个不同的途径冲动，一个通过赤字奖励处理和赤字的时间处理。最初的研究将开发方法来筛选个人的冲动倾向，并确定与冲动相关的关键缺陷在时间和/或奖励处理系统。另一组研究将开发有针对性的治疗干预措施，以纠正时机和/或奖励处理方面的缺陷。这样的治疗可以应用于表现出诸如ADHD的障碍的个体，以及具有冲动选择倾向的正常个体，以降低追求不良生活方式选择的风险，诸如药物使用/滥用、赌博、最后一组研究将通过精确定位与神经毒性相关的奖励加工缺陷的性质，来检查奖励加工对选择影响的机制。脑桥核核心的病变，其已被确定为用于在时间折扣中计算奖励值的主要候选结构。确定与延髓核病变相关的奖励处理缺陷的确切性质将促进进一步开发用于ADHD和其他破坏自我控制的疾病的靶向治疗技术。这些研究的组合将显著地促进我们对时间折扣任务中促进自我控制与冲动选择的因素的理解，并为开发特定的治疗技术提供重要的基础，这些治疗技术旨在针对冲动选择情况下参与奖励值计算的关键系统。