A computational neuroscience approach to frontal compensation in decision-making

决策中额叶补偿的计算神经科学方法

• 批准号: 8613687
• 负责人: W Todd TODD MADDOX
• 金额: $ 36.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-01-15 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8613687
• 关键词: Accounting; Age; Aging; Area; Attention; Attenuated; Behavioral; Brain imaging; Brain region; Cognitive; Computer Simulation; Data; Decision Making; Diet; Elderly; Environment; Family member; Financial compensation; Foundations; Future; Goals; Image; Individual; Interdisciplinary Study; Intervention; Lateral; Learning; Literature; Longevity; Medial; Medical; Methods; Modeling; Neurobiology; Patients; Performance; Prevalence; Publishing; Qualifying; Recording of previous events; Relative (related person); Reliance; Research; Resources; Rewards; Shapes; Structure; Testing; Ventral Striatum; Visit; Work; age effect; age related; base; cognitive change; computational neuroscience; improved; neural circuit; neuromechanism; neuroregulation; normal aging; pressure; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; social implication; young adult

Project Summary/Abstract Age-related deficits in decision making are well documented and these decisions often have huge social implications for individuals and their family members, leading to significant pressure to make the best decisions. Much of the previous research on aging focused on history-independent decision-making tasks for which current rewards are independent of previous decisions. This research ignores situations where the current rewards available from each option are influenced by previous decisions. History-dependent decisions are ubiquitous and they are often accompanied by various forms of pressure. Recent work in our labs suggests that older adults perform better in history-dependent situations while younger adults perform better in history- independent situations. However, the precise neural and computational mechanisms associated with these age-based differences remain unclear. Additionally, virtually no research has examined how older adults respond to pressure despite its prevalence. Recent work suggests that normal aging is associated with declines in the neuromodulation of the frontostriatal limbic network associated with decision-making. Other work provides evidence for compensatory over- activation in brain regions, particularly lateral frontal brain regions, for older relative to younger adults in a variety of cognitive tasks. This over-activation is seen as compensatory for neural declines associated with aging and is known as the compensation-related utilization of neural circuits hypothesis (CRUNCH). We hypothesize that compensatory over-activation can account for the age-related advantage in history-dependent decision-making. In addition, compensation related frontal activity in older adults may follow an inverted U- shape as cognitive demand increases. With increased cognitive demand, under-activation in older adults, relative to younger adults might result when the "crunch" point is reached. Increased pressure in decision- making situations may force older adults to hit such a "crunch" point. The goal of this proposal is to examine the effects of aging on history-dependent and history-independent decision-making, and to systematically test predictions of the CRUNCH hypothesis as it applies to decision- making under pressure. Our research team is highly qualified to achieve these aims given our expertise in brain imaging, computational modeling, and behavioral studies of normal aging and pressure. We will apply models that assume qualitatively different strategies to the data and prediction errors from these models will be used as regressors with neural activity. We predict that older adults will show greater activation in DLPFC and LOFC, compared to younger adults under no pressure conditions but that older adults will show under- activation in these same regions under pressure conditions. Aims 1 and 2 examine the neurobiological underpinnings of age-related changes in history-dependent and history-independent decision-making. Aim 3 extends Aims 1 and 2 by examining decision-making under pressure.

项目摘要/摘要 与年龄相关的决策缺陷是有充分记录的，而且这些决策往往具有巨大的社会影响 对个人及其家庭成员的影响，导致了巨大的压力，要求他们尽最大努力 决定。以前关于衰老的研究大多集中在与历史无关的决策任务上 目前的奖励与之前的决定无关。这项研究忽略了以下情况 每个选项当前可获得的奖励都会受到以前决策的影响。依赖历史的决策 压力无处不在，而且往往伴随着各种形式的压力。我们实验室最近的工作表明 老年人在依赖历史的情况下表现更好，而年轻人在历史中表现更好- 独立的情况。然而，与此相关的精确神经和计算机制 基于年龄的差异仍然不清楚。此外，几乎没有研究研究老年人是如何 尽管压力很普遍，但还是要对压力做出反应。 最近的研究表明，正常衰老与额纹状体神经调节功能的下降有关 与决策相关的边缘网络。其他工作为补偿性过度提供了证据- 老年人大脑区域的激活，特别是额叶外侧区域，相对于年轻人 各种认知任务。这种过度激活被认为是对与 而衰老又被称为补偿相关的神经回路利用假说(Crunch)。我们 代偿性过度激活可以解释历史依赖的年龄相关优势的假设 决策。此外，老年人与补偿相关的额叶活动可能遵循倒U- 随着认知需求的增加而改变形状。随着认知需求的增加，老年人的活动不足， 相对于年轻人来说，当达到“紧缩点”时可能会出现这种情况。决策压力加大- 在这种情况下，可能会迫使老年人达到这样的“紧要关头”。 这项建议的目标是考察老龄化对历史依赖和历史独立的影响 决策，并系统地测试紧缩假说的预测，因为它适用于决策- 在压力下制造。鉴于我们在以下方面的专业知识，我们的研究团队完全有资格实现这些目标 正常衰老和压力的脑成像、计算建模和行为研究。我们会申请 对这些模型中的数据和预测误差采取不同策略的模型将是 用作神经活动的回归变量。我们预测，老年人在DLPFC和DLPFC中表现出更大的活性 LOFC，相比年轻人在没有压力的情况下，但老年人会表现出- 在压力条件下这些相同区域的激活。目标1和目标2检查神经生物学 依赖历史和独立于历史的决策中与年龄相关的变化的基础。目标3 通过检查在压力下的决策来扩展目标1和目标2。