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Cognitive control and the functional organization of frontal cortex

认知控制和额叶皮层的功能组织

基本信息

批准号：
8606261
负责人：
David Badre
金额：
$ 33.53万
依托单位：
BROWN UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-02-15 至 2016-01-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8606261
关键词：
Accidents Adaptive Behaviors Affect Alzheimer&apos s Disease Anterior Architecture Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder Autistic Disorder Closed head injuries Cognition Development Diagnosis Dimensions Disease Etiology Executive Dysfunction Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Functional disorder Goals Knowledge Lateral Learning Logic Major Depressive Disorder Mental disorders Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Parkinson Disease Pathway interactions Policies Process Psychological Transfer Rehabilitation therapy Research Role Route Schizophrenia Source Specific qualifier value Stroke Structure Support System System Testing To specify Translating Uncertainty abstracting base cognitive control design executive function flexibility frontal lobe frontal lobe function goal oriented behavior improved insight internal control nervous system disorder network architecture novel operation programs public health relevance regional difference relating to nervous system research study response theories

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this research program is to advance our understanding of the functional organization of frontal cortex and the ways in which interactions among frontal regions permit internal control of thought and action, an ability termed cognitive control. The proposed experiments test the hypothesis that the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobes comprises a processing hierarchy whereby more anterior regions support cognitive control involving progressively more abstract goals, plans, and action representations. First, a set of fMRI experiments, using factorial logic, seek to specify the dimensions of abstraction that define regional differences along the rostro-caudal axis of the frontal lobes. Several experiments have demonstrated a functional gradient along the rostro-caudal axis as cognitive control involves more abstract representations. However, these experiments have differed in their definition of abstraction, including domain generality, temporal abstraction, and rule complexity. Though these dimensions of abstraction are not mutually exclusive, they may also be independently varied under controlled circumstances. Thus, the first set of fMRI experiments take advantage of this independence to provide a more explicit definition of abstraction as it relates to frontal lobe function. Second, a hierarchical system requires that superordinate processors can modulate subordinate processors but not vice versa. Translated to a frontal hierarchy, this asymmetry predicts that control processing by a given region of the frontal cortex should directly influence regions posterior to but not anterior to its locus. Thus, a line fMRI experiments will use effective connectivity analysis to test whether (a) cognitive control processing in anterior frontal regions can modulate processing in posterior frontal regions, (b) whether cognitive control processing in posterior frontal regions can affect concurrent control processing by anterior frontal regions. Third, a set of experiments will investigate frontal lobe function during learning and adaptation of hierarchically structured rule sets. In general, hierarchies are useful structures for supporting learning of novel tasks because they can represent the same information at multiple levels of abstraction and so can provide access points for the application of prior knowledge, such as through analogy. Thus, a set of experiments test whether the putative frontal lobe hierarchy reflects such dynamics during learning of novel rule sets, the transfer of learning to new tasks, and the application of transformational rules to existing rule sets. Hence, across its aims, this program of research triangulates the hypothesis of a hierarchical organization of the frontal lobe by testing three different classes of predictions that each arises from an assumption of a hierarchical system.

描述（由申请人提供）：该研究计划的目标是增进我们对额叶皮层功能组织的理解，以及额叶区域之间的相互作用如何允许对思想和行动进行内部控制，这种能力称为认知控制。所提出的实验检验了这样的假设：额叶的头尾轴包含一个处理层次结构，其中更多的前部区域支持认知控制，涉及逐渐更抽象的目标、计划和行动表征。首先，一组使用阶乘逻辑的功能磁共振成像实验试图指定抽象维度，以定义沿着额叶的头尾轴的区域差异。一些实验已经证明了沿着头尾轴的功能梯度，因为认知控制涉及更抽象的表征。然而，这些实验对抽象的定义有所不同，包括领域通用性、时间抽象和规则复杂性。尽管这些抽象维度并不相互排斥，但它们也可以在受控环境下独立变化。因此，第一组功能磁共振成像实验利用这种独立性来提供与额叶功能相关的更明确的抽象定义。其次，分层系统要求上级处理器可以调制下级处理器，但反之则不然。转化为额叶层次结构，这种不对称性预测额叶皮层给定区域的控制处理应该直接影响其位置后面的区域，而不是前面的区域。因此，线fMRI实验将使用有效的连通性分析来测试（a）前额叶区域的认知控制处理是否可以调节后额叶区域的处理，（b）后额叶区域的认知控制处理是否可以影响前额叶区域的并发控制处理。第三，一组实验将研究学习和适应分层结构规则集期间的额叶功能。一般来说，层次结构是支持学习新任务的有用结构，因为它们可以在多个抽象级别表示相同的信息，因此可以为先验知识的应用（例如通过类比）提供访问点。因此，一组实验测试了假定的额叶层次结构在学习新规则集、将学习转移到新任务以及将转换规则应用于现有规则集期间是否反映了这种动态。因此，该研究项目的目标是，通过测试三种不同类别的预测，对额叶分层组织的假设进行三角测量，每类预测都源于分层系统的假设。