Development, Ecology, and Prevention of Adult Addictive Behavior

6.项目总结/摘要 拟议的修订申请将继续对999名多种族成年人的样本进行研究， 从11-12岁到23-24岁进行纵向评估。评估包括年龄时的CIDI诊断访谈 18-19和青少年家庭和同伴互动的编码录像观察。将样品 在青春期，个体随机分配到家庭检查模式，这对药物产生了长期影响。 使用，反社会行为，抑郁症和学术成就。建议在26岁时进行后续评估- 27将包括CIDI关于成瘾行为和精神病理学的诊断访谈，时间分配到 高投资活动与低投资活动、同伴网络、自我调节和唾液中DNA的收集 样品提出了三种基因分型方法，包括候选基因、基因家族和新基因分型。 一组研究人员目前正在研究成瘾行为的分子遗传学。 这些数据将用于解决以下假设：（a）自我调节假说，即 成人的问题行为，特别是成瘾行为，都是适应的一部分 其特点是在家庭关系和其他成人里程碑方面采取低投资战略， 对自我调节的要求低;（B）遗传适度假说，表明穷人的影响 父母的监控和不正常的同伴接触对使用AOD和其他问题行为的进展， 最明显的是遗传脆弱的青年;以及（c）风险延展性假设， 提出，早期的环境风险可以修改，这些影响特别明显， 有遗传倾向的年轻人所有3组假设的检验需要检查早期的纵向数据， 青少年到26-27岁，使用各种先进的分析策略，包括轨迹 分析、潜在概况分析、潜在增长建模和编译器平均因果效应建模， 研究家庭检查对风险暴露的影响。

6. Project Summary/Abstract The proposed revised application would continue research on a sample of 999 multiethnic adults who were longitudinally assessed from ages 11-12 to 23-24. Assessment included a CIDI diagnostic interview at age 18-19 and coded videotaped observations of adolescent family and peer interactions. The sample was individually randomized to the Family Check-Up model in adolescence, which yielded long-term effects on drug use, antisocial behavior, depression, and academic success. The proposed follow-up assessment at age 26- 27 would include the CIDI diagnostic interview on addictive behavior and psychopathology, time allocation to high- versus low-investment activities, peer network, self-regulation, and the collection of DNA in saliva samples. Three approaches to genotyping are proposed, including candidate gene, gene family, and novel gene exploration by a team of investigators currently studying the molecular genetics of addictive behavior. These data will be used to address the following hypotheses: (a) the disrupted self-regulation hypothesis, that adult problem behavior generally and addictive behavior specifically are part of an overall pattern of adaptation that is characterized by a low-investment strategy in respect to family relationships and other adult milestones, with low demands on self-regulation; (b) the genetic moderation hypothesis, indicating that the effects of poor parental monitoring and deviant peer exposure on progressions in AOD use and other problem behaviors are most pronounced for youth who are genetically vulnerable; and (c) the risk malleability hypothesis, which proposes that early environmental risk can be modified and that these effects are especially pronounced for genetically prone youth. Testing of all 3 sets of hypotheses requires examination of longitudinal data from early adolescence through age 26-27 that uses a variety of advanced analytic strategies, including trajectory analyses, latent profile analysis, latent growth modeling, and complier average causal effect modeling for examining the effects of the Family Check-Up on risk exposure.