Interpretation Bias Training in Depressed Adolescents: Effects and Mechanisms

抑郁青少年的解释偏见训练：效果和机制

• 批准号: 8706240
• 负责人: IAN H GOTLIB
• 金额: $ 19.63万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2013-07-24 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8706240
• 关键词: 4 year old; Adolescence; Adolescent; Adult; Affect; American; Amygdaloid structure; Anterior; Attention; Brain region; Child; Clinical; Cognitive; Depressed mood; Development; Disease; Dorsal; Early Intervention; Emotions; Exhibits; Face; Foundations; Goals; Individual; Maintenance; Major Depressive Disorder; Mediating; Memory; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Meta-Analysis; Nature; Nucleus Accumbens; Population; Prefrontal Cortex; Process; Recovery; Recurrence; Refractory; Relapse; Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Rest; Scanning; Stimulus; Structure; Symptoms; Teenagers; Time; Training; World Health Organization; Youth; base; cingulate cortex; clinical effect; clinically significant; cognitive change; cognitive function; critical developmental period; depressive symptoms; design; early onset; effective intervention; emotion regulation; experience; follow-up; high risk; improved; information processing; neural patterning; public health relevance; relating to nervous system

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adolescence is a period of high risk for the onset of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD); indeed, adolescent onset of MDD is associated with longer and more severe depressive episodes that are often refractory to treatment. Thus, it is imperative that we identify factors involved in early-onset MDD and develop more effective approaches to early intervention. In attempting to elucidate factors that contribute to the onset and maintenance of MDD, investigators have focused on negatively biased processing of information. The most consistent cognitive bias in depression involves more negative and less positive interpretations of emotionally ambiguous information. Importantly, investigators have shown not only that these biases in interpretation can be modified, but further, that Interpretatio Bias Training (IBT) improves emotion regulation and reduces depressive symptoms. Despite these findings, however, we know little about the mechanisms that underlie these positive effects of IBT. In an effort to gain a more comprehensive understanding of biased cognitive functioning in MDD, researchers have begun to examine neural aspects of biases in this disorder. In this context, investigators have documented abnormalities in function, connectivity, and/or structure in depressed adults in subgenual and dorsal anterior cingulate (ACC), dorsal prefrontal cortex (PFC), and amygdala, all components of emotion regulatory networks. To date, there is little research examining the neural foundations of cognitive biases in depressed children and adolescents or the effects of modifying these biases in depressed youth. The overarching goals of the proposed project are (1) to assess the cognitive, neural, and clinical effects of training designed to reduce negative interpretation biases in depressed adolescents; and (2) to examine neural and cognitive changes that mediate the positive clinical effects of IBT. Results of this project will increase our understanding of neural processes that underlie interpretation biases in depressed adolescents and contribute to the development of more effective interventions for MDD in adolescence.

描述（由申请人提供）：青春期是重度抑郁症（MDD）发病的高风险时期；事实上，抑郁症的青少年发病与更长、更严重的抑郁发作有关，而这些发作往往难以治疗。因此，我们必须确定早发性 MDD 的相关因素，并制定更有效的早期干预方法。在试图阐明导致 MDD 发生和维持的因素时，研究人员将注意力集中在信息处理的负面偏见上。抑郁症中最一致的认知偏差涉及对情感模糊信息的更多消极和更少积极的解释。重要的是，研究人员不仅表明这些解释偏差可以改变，而且解释偏差训练（IBT）可以改善情绪调节并减少抑郁症状。然而，尽管有这些发现，我们对 IBT 这些积极作用背后的机制知之甚少。为了更全面地了解 MDD 认知功能偏差，研究人员已开始研究这种疾病偏差的神经方面。在这种情况下，研究人员记录了抑郁成人的膝下和背侧前扣带回（ACC）、背侧前额叶皮层（PFC）和杏仁核（情绪调节网络的所有组成部分）的功能、连接性和/或结构异常。迄今为止，几乎没有研究探讨抑郁儿童和青少年认知偏差的神经基础，或改变这些偏差对抑郁青少年的影响。该项目的总体目标是（1）评估旨在减少抑郁青少年负面解释偏差的培训的认知、神经和临床效果； (2) 检查介导 IBT 积极临床效果的神经和认知变化。该项目的结果将增加我们对抑郁青少年解释偏差背后的神经过程的理解，并有助于制定更有效的青春期抑郁症干预措施。