Human and Translational Immunology

描述（由申请人提供）：我们提议在耶鲁大学医学院开设一个新的人体和转化免疫学培训项目。在过去的30年里，免疫生物学取得了非凡的发展，改变了临床医学。在很大程度上，这种增长是实验模型的可用性的结果，特别是近交系小鼠，其中实验方法已经得到很好的发展，遗传修饰可以用来解决假设。然而，仅在啮齿动物模型中的研究不足以理解人类免疫生物学以及疾病和治疗引起的人类免疫反应的干扰或操纵。老鼠和人类的免疫反应有许多不同之处，了解这些差异很重要，这样新的科学发展就可以应用于病人的治疗。重要的是，缺乏具有科学和临床背景的研究人员，使他们能够弥合基本免疫学发现与临床医学应用之间的差距。该项目旨在提供培训，培养能够填补这一空白的领导者。它与传统的免疫生物学和临床专业培训项目不同，它强调将基本的免疫学发现应用于临床环境。教师包括杰出的转化科学家，他们在没有人体组织的情况下研究患者和/或人类疾病的小鼠模型的疾病相关机制。受训者将包括来自临床或研究生培训项目的博士后候选人，他们希望在人类转化免疫生物学方面接受强化培训，以发展研究医学的职业生涯。该项目由免疫生物学系管理，但教师是医学院临床和基础科学几个系的成员。培训课程包括教学指导和人体细胞和组织研究的经验，临床研究方法，以及负责任的研究行为。研究经验包括在7个主题领域中的一个或多个领域进行培训，这些主题领域涵盖从遗传学、细胞免疫学到纳米粒子的使用等广泛的人类疾病和技术。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): We propose a new training program in Human and Translational Immunology at the Yale School of Medicine. There has been extraordinary growth in immunobiology the past 3 decades that has transformed clinical medicine. To a large extent, this growth is the result of the availability of experimental models, particularly inbred strains of mice, in which experimental methods have been well developed and genetic modifications can be exploited to address hypotheses. However, the studies in rodent models alone are not sufficient for understanding human immunobiology and the disturbances or manipulations of human immune responses that occur with disease and treatments. There are many differences between murine and human immune responses that are important to understand so that new scientific developments can be applied to the treatment of patients. Importantly, there is a shortage of investigators that have both the scientific and clinical backgrounds to enable them to bridge the gap between basic immunologic discoveries and the application to clinical medicine. This program is designed to provide training to develop leaders who can fill that void. It differs from traditional training programs in Immunobiology and clinical specialties in its emphasis on the application of basic immunologic discoveries to the clinical setting. The faculty include outstanding translational scientists who study disease relevant mechanisms in patients and/or in murine models of human disease when human tissues are not available. The trainees will include post-doctoral candidates from clinical or graduate training programs who desire intensive training in Human Translational Immunobiology in order to develop a career in investigative medicine. The program is administered through the Department of Immunobiology but the faculty are members of several departments - clinical and basic science, in the Medical School. The training curriculum involves didactic instruction and experience in studies with human cells and tissues, clinical research methods, and the responsible conduct of research. The research experience includes training in one or more of 7 thematic areas that cover a broad spectrum of human diseases and technologies from genetics, cellular immunology, to the use of nanoparticles. RELEVANCE (See instructions): There have been breakthroughs in basic immunology that have the potential to lead to new therapies for many human conditions. There is a shortfall of clinical scientists able to translate these developments to patients. This proposed program will train such individuals. Postdoctoral fellows, with a commitment to translational research will receive intense training in immunology of human disease and therapies.